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PL
The purpose of the article is to review the question of the use of the Proto-Polish ethnonym Polanie. According to the opinion traditionally adopted in historiography, this name referred to one of the tribes inhabiting GreaterPoland (the territories of Kuyavia) whose territorial conquests led to the establishment of the Polish State. On the basis of a semantic analysis of the earliest written occurrences of this name, the author develops the thesisthat it originally designated a tribe residing in the western part of Lesser Poland, and only at the beginning of the 11th century, again, it came to denote the ‘inhabitants of Poland’ (understood as the state of Bolesław I the Brave).
PL
The article is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the name „Glopeani”, one of the West-Slavic ethnonyms mentioned in the Bavarian Geographer (around 845 AD). Traditionally, they are assumed to be the „Goplans” and believed to have lived around Lake Gopło in the Kujawy region, with their capital in Kruszwica, beween the 7th and 9th centuries AD. According to an author, the latinized name „Glopeani” should be transcribed as „Głobjanie”. According to many authors, the position of „Glopeani” on the list suggest that this tribe might have lived in Pomerania, Great Poland or Masovia. On the basis of the analysis of Old-Polish toponymy, author attempts to localise the Głobjan tribe in the North-West part of Poland.
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EN
In article, an analyse of ethnonyms included in so called Bavarian Geographer, a historical source from 9th – early 10th century, is given. Actual state of scientific research on tribal names is summarized, latinized transcritions of the proper names are analyzed and previous etymological interpretations are verified. Also there are some new etymological interpretations of a few demonyms and topo-ethnonyms. Analysis of proper names revealed that there are names of Slavic, Paleobalkan, Celtic, German, Baltic and Oriental origin.
EN
The article analyzes certain lexical units of the Russian and French languages which function as semantic and morphological derivatives of ethnonyms and macrotoponyms: in Russian - derivatives of the ethnonyms француз, галл and toponyms Франция, Париж; in French - derivatives of the words Russe, Russien ´Russian´, Cosaque ´Cossack´ to ´a Russian soldier´ to ´Russian´, Moscou ´Moscow´, Moscovite (archaic) ´an inhabitant of Muscovy, Russian´. Additionally, the article focuses on set expressions containing the above-mentioned words. Considering this material, the authors conduct a contrastive study of cultural and linguistic images of the French and the Russians (in Russian and French, respectively). The article studies the following thematic spheres of secondary semantics: „Character traits, behaviour“; „Diseases“; „Appearance“; „Language“; „The quality of life, welfare“; „History“. The authors reveal the motivation of language facts, analyze the evaluative components in their meaning and draw conclusions about the main patterns in the development of the images of the nations in question.
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