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„Europejskimi oczami, z transylwańską duszą”. – etnoregionalizm Unii Demokratycznej Węgrów (UDMR) w Rumunii

100%
Kasprowicz D.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
|
2013
|
issue 11
40-54
EN
The article presents a case study of one of ethnoregional parties – Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania. The party was established in 1990 and has become one of the primary political powers in Romania. The author of the article relies on unique sources and the results of qualitative research. She presents the program of the party which is a modern mixture of ethnic and national postulates as well as the organizational structures and politics of the party, all seen from the perspective of ethnoregionalism. As a result, the reader receives answers to a series of more general questions connected with the current status and challenges that the group of the “New Politics” party introduces into the party systems.
2
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Ruch Praw i Wolności – partia bułgarskich Turków

100%
Bieniek K.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
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2013
|
issue 11
8-20
EN
The main subject of the article is the Movement for Rights and Freedoms (Hak ve Özgürlükler Hareketi, HÖH) – a party that operates in Bulgaria and represents the Turkish national minority living in that country. In the course of the deliberations that aim at establishing whether the party is of ethnoregional character, the article discusses the historical functioning of the Turkish national minority in Bulgaria, the contemporary legal situation of the minority, and the genesis of the party. Then, the article describes the activity of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms on the Bulgarian political scene with respect to parliamentary, local, and European Parliament elections.
3
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Litwa, Łotwa, Estonia

86%
Solska M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica
|
2013
|
issue 11
113-129
EN
The article compares ethic parties in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The author reconstructs the context in which ethnic parties were established, development of the organizations as well as their ideological profile. The second part of the article is devoted to the role that the parties played in the processes of inter-party competition, especially on the national level. Due to the fact that the parties in Latvia and Lithuania managed to obtain seats in the European Parliament, the article emphasizes their role in programming the interests of national minorities in Europe.
4
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„Spóźnieni przybysze” ery nacjonalizmów. Przyczynek do dyskursu na temat procesów narodowotwórczych w Azji

44%
Jelonek A. W.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
|
2017
|
issue 3
135-154
PL
Jak zauważa w swej klasycznej pracy poświęconej nacjonalizmom Anthony Smith, nowoczesny porządek światowy związany jest nierozłącznie z instytucją państwa narodowego. Jak jednak również wielokrotnie podkreślał, państwo narodowe nie zawsze i nie wszędzie stanowiło podstawowy byt polityczny. O ile według Gellnera era nacjonalizmów w Europie przypadła na wiek XIX, to wiek XX stanowił w historii Azji Wschodniej czas masowych narodzin narodów. System teoretycznie równych suwerennych państw, nazywany w niezbyt adekwatny sposób „systemem westfalskim”, kształtował się w Azji jednak znacznie dłużej. Zachodnie pojęcie suwerenności terytorialnej, traktującej państwo jako źródło autonomicznego prawa i przedmiot relacji z innymi suwerennymi państwami, przez wiele stuleci nie było tu wcale takie oczywiste. Oczywista dla nikogo nie wydawała się też zasada wewnętrznej suwerenności – która w lokalnych warunkach gubiła się w rozlicznych sieciach zależności feudalnych oraz złożonych relacjach patronażu i klientelizmu. Niniejszy tekst poświęcony jest zawiłościom procesów narodowotwórczych w Azji Wschodniej z perspektywy klasycznych (Zachodnich) teorii nacjonalizmu.
EN
As Anthony Smith notes in his classic work on nationalism, the modern world order is inseparable from the institution of the nation-state. However, as he repeatedly emphasized, the nation-state was not always and not everywhere a basic political entity. While according to Gellner, the era of nationalism in Europe has come in the 19th century, the 20th century in the history of East Asia was the time of mass process of emerging nations. Shaping of the system of theoretically equal sovereign states, described in not very adequate way as a „Westphalian system”, lasted in Asia much longer than in Europe. The Western concept of territorial sovereignty, considering the state as a source of autonomous law and the subject of relations with other sovereign states, for many centuries was not so obvious. The rule of internal sovereignty - which in local conditions was lost in various networks of feudal dependencies and complex relations of patronage and clientelism- seemed to be not obvious to anyone. This text is devoted to the complexities of nation-building process in East Asia from the perspective of classical (Western) theories of nationalism.
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