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O pewnej (rewolucyjnej) hipotezie Harolda J. Bermana – prawo i nauka w średniowieczu

100%
Leszczyński M. J., Uniwersytet Łódzki I. F.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
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2015
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vol. 75
PL
W książce „Prawo i rewolucja” Harold J. Berman wysuwa hipotezę, że pewne polityczne i społeczne przekształcenia przełomu XI i XII wieku miały, jak to określa, formatywny charakter w odniesieniu do całej późniejszej historii Zachodu. Pierwszorzędną rolę w tych wydarzeniach, określanych przez Bermana rewolucją, odgrywali prawnicy-dekretyści. Co więcej, Berman wiąże te przekształcenia z powstaniem uniwersytetów oraz, w ogólności, z pojawieniem się nowożytnej nauki. W artykule prześledzę znaczenia terminu rewolucja i zrekonstruuję argumentację Bermana.
EN
In his book “Law & Revolution” Harold J. Berman ventures an opinion that certain sociopolitical transformations of XIth and XIIth century had a formative character for subsequent Western history. Emerging profession of lawyer (decretists) played a fundamental role in that upheaval, called by Berman a revolution. Moreover, Berman is trying to connote that with the creation of universities and, more generally, modern science. In my article I will try to investigate different meanings of revolution in Berman’s argument and its general structure.
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The Numerus Clausus Issue in Property Law – European Private Law and the Polish Perspective

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Ossowska M.
Studia Iuridica
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2019
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vol. 82
211-226
EN
The numerus clausus of property rights indicates that a mandatory closed catalogue of property rights exists in a given legal system; the content (method of creation, conveyance, expiration) of a right falling within this closed list is strictly specified and cannot be changed by the parties. In this way, the state consciously limits the activity of the parties in this regard, indicating the socially and legally acceptable types of property rights they can use. An insightful look at the development and explanation of this principle over the centuries and now seems to be necessary with the advancing unification of private law in Europe. The present article discusses the dogmatic basis of the concept of numerus clausus and outlines its history and economic reasoning behind it. Then, the main models of the numerus clausus in European legal orders as well as the functioning of this principle in Polish property law are presented. Subsequently, the strengths and weaknesses of the numerus clausus are examined. This provides us with general conclusions concerning the harmonization of this area of private law.
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