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EN
The paper shows that all attempts at modernization in Russia, in one way or another, accompanied by a change in everyday life. In contrast to the European processes in Russia throughout history clearly manifested neglect everyday. The author analyzes the main directions of change impact on everyday Russian political life: the impact of changing regulations at the institutional everyday life of society; changes in the physical boundaries of everyday space and communication space of everyday life, to introduce consumerism, the cult of things on the political behavior.
PL
Współczesna kultura zdominowana jest przez obraz (ikonosferę), dzieje się to kosztem logosfery, sfery słowa. Tymczasem jak pokazują badania, obraz oddziałuje na emocje, książka na intelekt. Dominacja jednej z wymienionych sfer w życiu dziecka pociąga za sobą konsekwencje m.in. w jego rozwoju emocjonalnym i poznawczym. W tekście zaprezentowano wyniki badań prowadzonych wśród rodziców dzieci przedszkolnych, które dotyczyły obecności bajek literackich i telewizyjnych w codzienności ich dzieci oraz przyczyn takiego stanu rzeczy.
EN
The modern culture is dominated by the iconosphere instead of logosphere. However, as the studies show, the image affects emotions, the book – intellect. The dominance of one of these areas in child’s life has big consequences for its development, especially in the emotional and cognitive areas. The paper presents the results of a research conducted among parents of preschool children. The main aim of the research was the answer the question: what do the parents choose in their everyday life? Literary fairy tales or TV cartoons and why.
EN
The article analyses own research and literature findings about correlation between work and play. The research was conducted by using the following methods: ethnographic interviews with Elk region citizens, analysis of diaries and autobiographies. From a contemporary perspective, the author reaches for memories of people in various age. They describe their childhood, when work was usually related with play and toys were handmade by children and adults. These memories are presented as a continuation of theoretical presentation of the topic in the first chapter of the article. In traditional cultures adults had designated time for work, and for rest and celebration. The memories show that children despite having work duties were able to play also during noncelebration time and sometimes they perceived work as something fun to do. Such attitude is natural for children. It is easier for them to go outside their everyday life and find some temporary activities. Characteristic for folk culture recurrence is the reason that some annual customs has survived and both children and adults participate in them. However everyday life of the authors of the memories and also of other people has changed significantly, mainly due to modern technologies.
EN
For centuries people have enjoyed playing. Play is an essential element of everyone’s life, not only children. This article explores own research containing: ethnographic interviews with citizens of Elk region, participant observation of children’s plays and shows by folk artists, survey with preschool and school teachers conducted during traditional play workshops for children. In addition it analyses memories from diaries and from an autobiography. The analysis is supported by examples from literature. Description of some plays gives an opportunity to find out more about everyday life in a particular region in a certain period of time. The literature shows how old are some plays, which are popular and still taught in kindergartens. It is noticed that in the past children, young people and adults had similar plays. Nowadays adults choose mainly dance events, which differ from those described in the article. Children however know and sometimes play the traditional games alongside with new ones. Considering play as a cultural phenomenon it is observed that the rules of children’s plays has not changed, only their form or contents may differ. Children have still enjoyed playing and miming the reality around them.
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