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Rozliczalność jako element jakości procesu demokratycznego w systemie instytucjonalnym III Rzeczypospolitej

100%
Machelski Z.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2018
|
issue 1(144)
61–87
EN
The term “accountability” refers to a manner of assuming responsibility, in particular a relevant verifi - cation of particular actions and processes located in time and assigned to a concrete subject. Usu ally the following two types of accountability are identifi ed: inter-institutional (horizontal) accountability and electoral (vertical) accountability. Accountability applies primarily to the executive branch of government, but it is included in the much wider range of the accountability of the particular institutions of a political system. It constitutes an element of the quality of democracy. There have been oscillations in the level of accountability in the political system of the Polish Third Republic. It was lowered in the years 2007–2015 when symbiosis occurred among the establishment, the state bureaucracy, the business community, and public opinion polling institutions.
2
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Kongres Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki wobec utworzenia Sił Kosmicznych jako odrębnego rodzaju wojsk

88%
Gajewski T.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2023
|
issue 2(175)
7-28
EN
The United States Congress, as one of the most important institutions of the country’s political system, has broad powers to legislate, shape policy and influence the executive branch. One of its primary prerogatives is to approve the budget of the United States Department of Defense. The purpose of this study is to analyse the actions of Congress in relation to the presidential proposal to create the United States Space Force as a separate type of military, which was designed as a response of the administration’s reply to the growing importance of outer space as a domain of military action. The author adopted network institutionalism as a theoretical basis and applied methods of institutional examination and content analysis. He used these to positively verify the following hypothesis: the presidential project for the creation of the Space Force was subject to substantive debate in Congress, while serving as a bargaining chip in the process of implementing part demands through the shape and distribution of expenditure in the defense budget.
3
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Znaczenie Rady Gabinetowej w okresie politycznej jedności dwóch podmiotów egzekutywy oraz w warunkach koabitacji

63%
Wielgosz Ł.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
|
2021
|
vol. 69
200-215
EN
The subject of the article is one of the institutional forms of cooperation between the Polish president and the government, i.e., the institution of the Cabinet Council. It is created by the Council of Ministers chaired by the President of the Republic of Poland. This body does not have the competences of the Council of Ministers, but one gets the impression that the conversation between the head of state and the government is a good opportunity to de-escalate conflicts and an opportunity to talk between two political players about the future of Poland. Does this impression cover reality? What are the debates like, what is their subject? What may be the real purpose of the meeting? What functions can the Cabinet Council perform under the conditions of cohabitation, and which ones under the political unity within the executive power? The purpose of the article is to answer these questions.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest jedna z instytucjonalnych form kooperacji dwóch podmiotów dualnej egzekutywy w Polsce, czyli instytucja Rady Gabinetowej. Jak stanowi Konstytucja, tworzy ją Rada Ministrów pod przewodnictwem Prezydenta RP. Ustrojodawca wyposażył tym samym głowę państwa w możliwość zwołania spotkania z rządem, który musi stawić się na zaproszenie Prezydenta. Co prawda temu organowi nie przysługują kompetencje Rady Ministrów, jednak można odnieść wrażenie, że rozmowa głowy państwa z rządem to dobra sposobność do wygaszania wzajemnych sporów oraz okazja do rozmowy dwóch politycznych graczy o przyszłości Polski. Czy to wrażenie ma pokrycie w rzeczywistości? Jak wyglądają obrady, co jest ich tematyką i kto im przewodniczy? Jaki może być realny cel obrad? Jakie funkcje może spełniać Rada Gabinetowa w warunkach koabitacji, a jakie przy politycznej jedności obu podmiotów egzekutywy? Celem artykułu jest przede wszystkim znalezienie odpowiedzi na tak postawione pytania.
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