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Akademická prokrastinácia v kontexte exekutívnych funkcií

100%
Schweigerová K., Slavkovská M.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2015
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vol. 9
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issue 2
26-35
EN
The present research study is concerned about chronic postponement of planned duties in university students in relation to executive functions. Research participants (n= 275) were 2nd to 4th year colleges students. The participants responded to items of Tuckman Procrastination Scale and Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions questionnaire BRIEF-A). Research results confirmed reduced levels in eight of the nine subscales evaluating various executive functions of students with high degree of procrastination. On the other hand, there have not been confirmed the relationship between academic procrastination and gender, age and also difficulty of study.
SK
Predkladaná výskumná štúdia sa venuje problematike chronického odkladania plánovaných povinností u vysokoškolských študentov vo vzťahu k exekutívnym funkciám. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 275 študentov druhého až štvrtého ročníka. Na zber dát bola využitá Tuckmanovej škála prokrastinácie a na hodnotenie exekutívnych funkcií sebaposudzovací dotazník BRIEF-A. Výsledky výskumu potvrdili zníženú úroveň v ôsmych z deviatich subškál hodnotiacich jednotlivé exekutívne funkcie u prokrastinujúcixh študentov. Na druhej strane sa nepotvrdili rozdiely v miere prokrastinácie z hľadiska rodu, veku ani vnímanej náročnosti štúdia.
2
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The Preventive Dimension of Executive Function in Preschool Children

100%
Poćwiardowska B.
Przegląd Pedagogiczny
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2020
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issue 2
173-188
EN
Executive functions may be viewed as factors supporting proper development in normative groups of children and adolescents, as well as when compensating or reducing risk factors in children and adolescents from higher risk groups. Current research findings indicate that long-term, longitudinal studies on executive functions in children and adolescents are necessary in order to reveal the key factors for the proper development of a young person and their further functioning in adulthood. From the pedagogical perspective, what is important in prevention is searching for knowledge on the conditions conducive to the development of higher cognitive functions. The development of pedagogical research methods that would allow the developmental conditions of children and adolescents to be diagnosed is no less important. Another significant task that cannot be achieved without the results of longitudinal studies is developing the developmental trajectories for dependencies or disorders, taking into account the level of executive function so as to empirically verify the assumptions adopted in this article.
3
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ON FUNCTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES IN POLAND AND FRANCE

100%
Augustyniak M.
Review of European and Comparative Law
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2017
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vol. 31
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issue 4
111-129
EN
The article presents the platform of functional relations between the legis-lative body and the executive body of the municipality in the Polish and French legal order . Reflections made in this respect should help improve the model of both bodies of the municipality in the scope of tasks and competences, shaping the platforms of their joint and separate relations . Determining the manner of implementation of tasks and competences of the municipal bodies based on the principle of cooperation should be an aspiration of the legislator to normatively and factually balance the legal status of both municipal bodies . The analysis of the determinants of the functioning of legislative and executive bodies is aimed at proposing directions of changes in their functional relations, in order to increase the efficiency of their operation as the most important determinant of efficient management of the local community.
4
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Visual Perspective -Taking: Are Theory of Mind and Executive Function Involved?

100%
Złotogórska -Suwińska A., Putko A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2019
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vol. 50
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issue 2
5
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The role of executive processes in working memory deficits in Parkinson’s Disease

88%
Gruszka A., Bor D., Barker R. R., Necka E., Owen A. M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2016
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vol. 47
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issue 1
123-130
EN
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs working memory, but the exact nature of this deficit in terms of the underlying cognitive mechanisms is not well understood. In this study patients with mild clinical symptoms of PD were compared with matched healthy control subjects on a computerized battery of tests designed to assess spatial working memory and verbal working memory. In the spatial working memory task, subjects were required to recall a sequence of four locations. The verbal working memory task was methodologically identical except for the modality of the stimuli used, requiring subjects to orally recall a sequence of six digits. In either case, half of the sequences were structured in a way that allowed ‘chunking’, while others were unstructured. This manipulation was designed to dissociate the strategic component of task performance from the memory-load component. Mild medicated patients with PD were impaired only on the structured versions of the verbal working memory tasks. The analogous deficit in the spatial working memory was less pronounced. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that working memory deficits in PD reflect mainly the executive component of the tasks and that the deficits may be at least partly modality-independent.
6
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Two languages in one mind: insights into cognitive effects of bilingualism from usage-based approaches

63%
Korenar M., Treffers-Daller J., Pliatsikas C.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2023
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vol. 106
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issue 1
24-46
EN
Bilingualism has been associated with changes in our language-related and domain-general cognition. However, it remains controversial whether bilingualism-related cognitive effects are robust and stable. Also, it is still unclear which aspects of bilingual experiences affect the plasticity of cognitive processes. This article offers a selective overview of the literature on bilingualism and cognition. We discuss results from studies which investigated the sources of cognitive plasticity in bilinguals, using prominent bilingual factors. We argue that, at least in part, the field deals with the controversies by viewing bilingualism through the perspective of usage-based (or experience-based) approaches, although such a link is not always made explicitly. Viewing bilingual variables as indicators of language use and engagement with both languages might offer promising ways forward while allowing for comparisons of existing studies on bilingualism with more recent ones, which build on the usage-based perspective more explicitly.
CS
Bilingvismus je spojován se změnami v kognitivních procesech, a to jak v procesech zodpovědných za jazykové zpracování, tak v doménově obecné kognici. Zůstává však předmětem diskuse, jak silné a stabilní účinky bilingvismu na kognici jsou. Rovněž zůstává nejasné, jaké aspekty bilingvismu jsou primárním zdrojem plasticity kognitivních procesů. Tento článek nabízí výběrový přehled literatury o bilingvismu a kognici a rozebírá existující studie zkoumající zdroje kognitivní plasticity u bilingvních mluvčích z pohledu usage-based přístupů. Zaměřujeme se na roli prominentních bilingvních faktorů, jakými jsou úroveň znalosti jazyka, věk osvojování jazyka, míra střídání kódů, ale také proporcionalita používání jazyků. Tvrdíme, že literatura o vlivu dvojjazyčnosti na kognici se z části vypořádává s kontroverzemi tím, že nahlíží na bilingvismus perspektivou usage-based přístupů, i když spojení s tímto vědeckým rámcem není vždy výslovně zmiňováno. Zasazení bilingvních faktorů do kontextu usage-based přístupů může nabídnout slibné cesty vpřed a zároveň umožnit srovnání stávajících studií o bilingvismu s novějšími studiemi, které jsou ukotveny v usage-based perspektivě explicitněji.
7

Sortowanie kart jako metoda badania giętkości poznawczej u dzieci w wieku 3–8 lat

51%
Jabłoński S., Kaczmarek I., Kaliszewska-Czeremska K., Zakrzewska M.
Edukacja
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2013
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issue 1(121)
54–72
PL
Artykuł prezentuje teoretyczne podstawy powszechnie stosowanego w badaniach funkcji wykonawczych u dzieci dwuwymiarowego testu sortowania kart (DTSK), odwołując się do pojęć kontroli hamowania, pamięci, rozumowania pojęciowego i teorii złożoności. Ze względu na brak argumentów jednoznacznie wykluczających stosowanie któregokolwiek z tych konstruktów do analizy czynności sortowania kart, autorzy proponują traktować DTSK jako narzędzie pomiaru giętkości poznawczej u dzieci. W artykule zaprezentowano również dwie równoległe wersje testu sortowania kart dla dzieci (TSKD), opracowane na podstawie dwuwymiarowego testu sortowania kart. Umożliwiają one stosowanie procedury sortowania kart w indywidualnej diagnozie psychologicznej. Podczas pilotażowego badania grupy 41 zdrowych dzieci w wieku 3–8 lat dokonano oceny rzetelności obu wersji TSKD oraz trafności sposobów obliczania wyników dla poszczególnych części narzędzia. Badania potwierdziły rzetelność obu wersji TSKD oraz wykazały konieczność zmiany sposobu obliczania wyników.
EN
Two parallel versions of Children Card Sort (CCS) designed by the authors on the basis of the Dimensional Children Card Sort (DCCS) are presented. Both of these versions of CCS have been standardized for application in the investigation of child executive functioning. In the pilot study, 41 healthy children aged 3–8 were tested and the reliability of both types of CCS investigated. The validity of a method for calculating final scores for different aspects of CCS was also tested. The research confirmed the reliability of both versions of CCS and showed the need for new procedures to calculate final scores. Theoretical foundations of the card sort method, commonly used in the research of child executive functions are described and the concepts of inhibitory control, memory, conceptual reasoning and theories of complexity are discussed. Since none of these concepts are commonly accepted to explain the processes underlying card sorting the authors suggest interpretation of CCS as a measure of cognitive flexibility.
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