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Studia Gilsoniana
|
2015
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2
117-130
EN
The article presents the existential determinants of the language of metaphysics primarily on the basis of the philosophical stances adopted by Stanisław Kamiński and Mieczysław A. Krąpiec. Realistic philosophy, which focuses principally on the problem of being, uses the language of metaphysics, which helps in understanding reality in itself. Moreover, the article analyses the structure of the language of metaphysics as well as the existential elements constituting its specificity, i.e., among other things, existential judgement and transcendentals.
PL
Rdzeniem realizmu metafizyki jest podstawowa kategoria poznawcza, jaką jest poznanie sądowe wyrażające się głównie w operatywności sądów egzystencjalnych i w strukturze sądów predykatywnych. Nosicielami prawdy są przede wszystkim sądy podmiotowo-orzecznikowe, ale ich epistemiczny status jest uwarunkowany nośnością sądu pierwszego, jakim jest zawsze sąd egzystencjalny. Ten bowiem sąd afirmuje istnienie świata całkowicie spontanicznie i bezpośrednio. Pierwotna zatem afirmacja istnienia dokonuje się w poznawczej nośności sądu egzystencjalnego i z tego powodu ze swej natury jest on sądem nadprawdziwościowym oraz bezznakowym. Jest on bowiem racją prawdy i jako taki staje się gruntem operatywności samych sądów prawdziwościowych, jakimi są sądy predykatywne. Dlatego też, sąd egzystencjalny jest głównym komunikatorem rzeczywistego istnienia świata i jako specyficzny znak prawdy w jej aspekcie epistemicznym (definicyjnym) jest podstawą rozumienia oraz wyjaśniania jego ontycznej architektury.
EN
Judicial cognition – the basic cognitive category – expressed mainly in the operability of existential judgements and in the structure of predicative judgements is the core of metaphysical realism. As transmitters of truth primarily serve the subjective and predicative judgements, but their epistemic status depends on the cogency of the first judgement, which is always the existential judgement. It is this very judgement that affirms the existence of the world completely spontaneously and directly. Thus, the initial affirmation of existence takes place in the cognitive cogency of the existential judgement and for this reason, by its very nature, it is a super-intelligible and signless judgement. For it is the raison d’être of truth and, as such, it becomes the basis for the operability of the truth-transmitting/intelligible judgements, which are predicative judgements. Therefore, the existential judgement is the main communicator of the real existence of the world and as a specific sign of truth in its epistemic (defining) aspect, is the basis for comprehending and explaining its ontic structure.
EN
The article presents the specificity of the method of metaphysical separation in philosophical thought of Andrzej Maryniarczyk. The method of separa¬tion is a fundamental way of investigat¬ing ontic foundations of the existence of reality, thanks to which at the same time the proper object of metaphysics is for-mulated. Therefore, the first part of the article presents the characteristics of the method of metaphysical separation, em¬phasising the essential role of the exis¬tential judgement, which is the basis for separative cognition. In the second part metaphysical separation has been char¬acterized as a fundamental method thanks to which one reaches the reading and intellectual separation of being as an object of metaphysical cognition. In the last part the application of the meth¬od of separation to metaphysical research of the structure of being was made. It allowed to show the specificity of the method of metaphysical separation as a cognitively adequate answer to the dis¬covery of the existence of complexity and diversity in reality.
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