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Początki sztuki w świetle antroplogii René Girarda

100%
Kowalski A. P.
Rocznik Antropologii Historii
|
2013
|
issue 2(5), Genealogie kultury
97–110
XX
R. Girard’s mimetic theory, inspired by the work of S. Freud, is usually regarded as an anthropology that examines the origins of religion, mainly sacrificial rituals and mythologies. The paper discusses such elements of Girard’s theory which can be applied to research on the origins of art. Girard’s thesis about archaic crises leading to violence is pre/historical in character. In the context of discussing a lack of art in Neanderthal communities, a question arises about the cultural conditions of the birth and function of primitive production. The Homo sapiens probably used elements of art (ornaments, figurative and schematic drawing) in order to show group (clan, totemic) differences. The Neanderthal culture was homogeneous, mimetically uniform and repetitive. Group differences could be signaled by acts of direct violence. The Homo sapiens sublimated aggression and created social semiotics of the oldest artistic artifacts. Imitations became more difficult to do, they required specialisation. As a result of primitive art, violence took on a symbolic meaning.
2
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Die eingliederigen Fibeln der Almgrens VI. Gruppe in der Przeworsk-Kultur – Fibeln des Typs A 158

100%
Jakubczyk I.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2013-2014
|
vol. 5-6
113-218
EN
O. Almgren in his 1897 published study on nordeuropean forms of brooches characterized known specimens from the region and classified them in seven groups. His group VI matches brooches with inverted foot as well as their derivative forms with full catch-plate. They are main forms of the late Roman and early Migrations periods Shape and form of those brooches breaks with the early Roman Period’s stilistical traditions, showind differences in construction, because catch-plate is being made by bending the foot downwards, its and is then wrapped around the bow. This key for the studies on late antiquity group of brooches is one of the less published forms of the Barbaricum. O. Almgren himself have had treated them unfairy, whereas later studies didn’t gave precise arrangements. However the homogenity of this goup of artefacts; especially type 158 characteristic for the Przeworsk Culture, have been emphasized. Therefore new classificaton of brooches of the Almgren’s VI Group with taking into consideration all of the deriverative forms and variations was an absolute necessity. It was also essential due to the significance for the chronology of early and late Roman Period. The min assumption of the paper was to work out the one piece brooches of the type 158. The method used for the division is based upon the system proposed by O. Almgren. It is still up to date, however some detailed assumptins are necessery. It is due to the fact that some of O. Almgren’s forms have been described unaccuratelly, therefore determination of arefacts according to his division in chefly uneasy. It is also imprtant to ephasize the fact that since the firt publication of Almgren’s study, the have been noted enormous growth in number of known specimens, some of them are therefore not preciselly represented in typology of the swedish scholar. Main characteristics of brooches taken under consieration by division of sub-types and variants are construction of the specific specimen, shape of the bow as well as its decoration. Such characteristics as form of ornamentation and stilistic criterion i.e. proportions of the appropriate parts of the brooch were also considered. In the process a clusters of broches with some variants within have been archieved. Main part of the paper is the classification of O. Almgren’s type 158 brooches. The study is based upon 799 specimens. The final effect of this analise is the stilistic division of variants with main goal in tighening the chronology of characterized clustes of artefacts.
3
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EWOLUCJONISTYCZNA TEORIA KULTURY W ANTROPOLOGII SPOŁECZNEJ

67%
Daszkiewicz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
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2015
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vol. 58
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issue 3
69-84
EN
The evolutionism was the first attempt to synthesize and build theory of the culture in cultural anthropology as a science. Later generations refer to this theoretical direction by making adjustments and  additions. Evolutionists have given first attempt of theoretical approach. They envisioned the unity  of human psyche and using comparative studies. They have developed a conceptual apparatus, which  entered into the composition of each anthropologist (endo-and egzogamia, totemism, tabu, animism,  mana, etc.). Today the evolutionism is rather a history of cultural anthropology.
PL
Ewolucjonizm klasyczny był pierwszą próbą syntezy oraz budowy teorii kultury w antropologii  społecznej jako nauce. Do tego kierunku odnosiły się późniejsze pokolenia dokonując korekt i uzupełnień. Ewolucjoniści dali pierwsze próby ujęć teoretycznych zakładając jedność psychiki ludzkiej  jako punkt wyjścia do badań porównawczych. Wypracowali aparaturę pojęciową, która weszła  w skład wyposażenia każdego antropologa (endo- i egzogamia, totemizm, tabu, animizm, mana itd.).  Ewolucjonizm stanowi dziś niewątpliwie historię antropologii i nikt na serio nie mógłby uprawiać  tej nauki w oparciu o hipotezy, jakimi posługiwali się jego przedstawiciele.
4
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The Jewish Identity of the “Unexpected Generation” in the Context of the Upbringing Model in a Mixed Family

67%
Cukras-Stelągowska J.
Colloquia Humanistica
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2020
|
issue 9
85-100
PL
W swoim artykule chciałabym przybliżyć jedno z najmłodszych pokoleń żydowskich w Polsce, zwane „nieoczekiwaną generacją”, na podstawie badań własnych oraz ustaleń innych badaczy. Jednocześnie uwzględniam istotę wychowania w rodzinie mieszanej i to, jakie niesie za sobą konsekwencje dla tożsamości społeczno-kulturowej tegoż pokolenia. Przyjrzę się sposobom konstruowania wzorów żydowskiego życia rodzinnego oraz możliwym formom i treściom rodzinnej transmisji międzypokoleniowej. Wskażę także na wyzwania i potencjalne zagrożenia, przed którymi stają dziś żydowskie rodziny mieszkające w Polsce. W efekcie postaram się wytyczyć możliwe dalsze kierunki badawcze podejmujące kwestie transmisji treści kulturowych w rodzinie, przekazu żydowskiego dziedzictwa religijnego i językowego.
EN
The goal of the article is to introduce one of the youngest Jewish generations in Poland, known as the “unexpected generation”, based on my own research and the findings of other researchers. At the same time, I consider the essence of upbringing in a mixed family and its consequences for the socio-cultural identity of this generation. I look at ways of constructing patterns of Jewish family life and possible forms and content of intergenerational family transmission. I also highlight challenges and potential threats faced by Jewish families living in Poland today. Consequently, I try to outline possible further research directions related to issues of cultural content transmission in a family and the transmission of Jewish religious and linguistic heritage.
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