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1
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Osservazioni sul nome Wrocław nella sua veste storica e contemporanea, polacca e internazionale

100%
Gałkowski A.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2014
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issue 5
71-85
EN
The paper discusses some data about the name of one of the biggest cities in Poland, the capital of the region of Lower Silesia, Wrocław. The toponym has a long history which includes different periods of foreign domination: Czech, Austro-Hungarian, and mostly German. The origin of the name is perfectly Slavonic: it derives from the archaic personal masculine name Wrocisław. The name is characteristic for its double construction: the verb wrócić ‘return’ and noun sława ‘fame’ or verb sławić ‘praise’, that indicating somebody honoured for returning. The original form has been the subject of many international variations, e.g. the Germanic Presla, Presslau, and Breslau. The Latin adaptation of the toponym Vratislavia in combination with the Germanic Breslau is the most popular as the basis for the internationalization of the name, such as Breslavia in Italian and Spanish. Nowadays, the city has reason to promote its original Polish name. The social challenge of the city is to teach how its name is pronounced, using for example the linguistic hybrid Wroc-Love [vrotzlav]. The creation of some fantastic legends around the city and its name is also significant, increasing popular etymologies of this toponym. The onomastic discourse concerning Wrocław is a natural process of contemporary social communication on local, national and international levels including some antonomastic uses of this toponym: the city is called Venice of the North, and the Polish Prague. Even the Hitlerian catchword of Festung Breslau counts in this discourse of changing is historical meaning.
2
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The crucial and contested concept of the endonym/exonym divide

100%
Jordan P.
Onomastica
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 1
23-37
EN
Paul Woodman has called it the “great toponymic divide”, but the endonym/exonym distinction is not a concept confined solely to toponymy, it can be transferred to all name categories, where the name used by insiders may differ from the name used by outsiders, e.g., to ethnonyms, anthro ponyms, names of institutions, where we frequently meet, for instance nicknames and derogative designa- tions used by outsiders. But there is no doubt that this divide has its focus on toponymy, since it corresponds there to two basic human attitudes: (1) to the distinction between ‛mine’ and ‛yours’, ‛ours’ and ‛theirs’, and (2) to territoriality, the desire to own a place, which appears at all levels of the construction of human community  - from the level of the family up to that of nations. Thus, it has always a political, social, and juridical meaning and is frequently a reason for dispute and conflict. However, even after long and intensive discussions, e.g., in the UNGEGN Working Group of Exonyms, to date we can still see rather divergent approaches to this divide. There is the linguistic approach regarding the endonym and the exonym rather as poles of a continuum, with various intermediary stages. Alternatively, there is the cultural-geographical approach that accepts no other criteria than the spatial relation between the name-using community and the geographical feature denoted by the name. The article elaborates on these items, mainly on the basis of the discussions and publications of the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms since 2002.
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Exonymie průmyslové oblasti : na příkladu Ostravska a Karvinska (Česká republika

86%
David J., Nováková L.
Acta onomastica
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2018
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vol. 59
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issue 1
32-41
EN
The text is focused on the toponymy of the industrial area of the Ostrava and Karviná regions (the Czech Republic); the research being centred on (the local) exonyms. Exonyms were used for naming coal-miners’ colonies and districts, or newly built housing estates. The oldest layer of exonyms-based toponymy originated at the beginning of the post-1850 industrial development (Amerika, Mexiko, Nový York), whereas the youngest one is represented by the post-WWII place names (Balaton, Donbas, Korea, Stalingrad). Later, exonyms have stopped forming the base for new place names, cf. sporadic names, such as Bronks, Dalas and Fukušima. The reason is the development of global communication, a rapid information flow, and tourism; names of places abroad have been losing their unique status. This fact is also evidenced by a nearly zero knowledge of the place names origin. Their spatial distribution reflects coal mines and heavy industry areas in the regions - the exonymic place names are spread concentrically in the Ostrava area, whereas they are spread evenly in the Karviná one.
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Bohemian Manchester, Moravian Klondike and Silesian Versailles: Attributive structures of foreign place names in contemporary Czech journalism

86%
David J., Semian M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 2
129-148
EN
Exonyms – i.e. toponyms of the type Rakousko, Benátky (‘Austria’, ‘Venice’) – were introduced to the Czech landscape (along with foreign endonyms) in medieval times. During the 19th century, a new, specific application of foreign place names began to appear, and this development forms the focus of the present article. Such words began to feature in attributive structures of the type český, pražský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’, ‘Prague’s’) + exonym / foreign endonym; many of these structures came into widespread use referring to areas whose boundaries were not clearly delineated or defined, or they served the purposes of marketing and advertising. In the 1990s, the growing influence of a “new” European regionalism and the formation of new territorial entities was accompanied by a revival of some old regional identities – and, in turn, by the revival of their names. Attributive structures with foreign place names thus began to re-appear in toponymy, and also in advertising or journalism. The analysis presented in this article is based on the SYN PUB component of the Czech National Corpus, and it focuses on the collocations of the lemmas český/moravský/slezský (‘Czech’ or ‘Bohemian’/‘Moravian’/‘Silesian’) + exonym / foreign endonym, aiming to offer insight into the reasons underlying the use of such structures in contemporary journalism.
5
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Designations for the Gypsy Ethnos in Modern Ukrainian and Other European Languages: Historical and Sociolinguistic Dimensions

86%
Пономаренко В.
Slavia Orientalis
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2021
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vol. LXX
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issue 3
6
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Doplněk k "Třídění pomístních jmen" Vladimíra Šmilauera

86%
Olivová-Nezbedová L.
Národopisný věstník
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
515-516
EN
The anoikonyms in Bohemia originated quite often from the Czech exonyms. While processing the Czech minor place names the semantic „Classification of anoikonyms“ by Vladimír Šmilauer (published in 1960 and with some supplements in 1973 again) is used, but they are not singled out independently. In the time of finishing this „Classification...“ the term „exonym“ was not known and used in Czech. Therefore it is necessary to include into Šmilauer’s „Classification...“ as an independent subsection of section 94 Czech minor place names, with eventual further dissections 941 for biblical geographical names, 942 for names linked with war events, and 943 for other Czech exonyms.
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Miejsce nazw jednostek administracyjnych w choronimii

72%
Wolnicz-Pawłowska E.
Onomastica
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 1
355-365
EN
Names of administrative units belong to choronyms. They are located in a transitional zone between proper names and appellatives. The prototypical centre of the category of properhood includes names of administrative units that are homonymic to names of localities and regions, e.g. Rzeszów (city county), Tyrol (Austria, 1st order administrative unit). Further from the category’s centre there are multi-element names comprising a proprial component and a generic element, e.g. Kraj Basków, Kraj Loary, Bazylea-Okręg, Terytorium Stołeczne Islamabadu, Prefektura Wientian. On the borderline between proper names and appellatives there are descriptions like Prowincja Centralna, Region Stołeczny which describe individual concepts with appellative vocabulary. Names consisting of a generic term and an adjective derived from a place name belong to appellatives, e.g. województwo podlaskie, powiat otwocki, rejon birżański, obwód brzeski. The spelling of multi-element names comprising a generic term or a generic element remains an open issue because there is a discrepancy between general orthographic rules and the usus.
PL
Nazwy jednostek administracyjnych należą do choronimów. Mieszczą się w strefie przejściowej między nazwami własnymi i pospolitymi. W proprialnym centrum znajdują się nazwy homonimiczne z nazwami miejscowości i regionów, np. Rzeszów (powiat grodzki), Tyrol (Austria, jedn. I rzędu). Dalej od centrum mieszczą się nazwy wieloelementowe z komponentem proprialnym i elementem gatunkowym, np. Kraj Basków, Kraj Loary, Bazylea-Okręg, Terytorium Stołeczne Islamabadu, Prefektura Wientian. Na pograniczu nazw własnych i pospolitych lokują się deskrypcje typu Prowincja Centralna, Region Stołeczny, które opisują pojęcia jednostkowe za pomocą słownictwa apelatywnego. Nazwy składające się z terminu gatunkowego i przymiotnika odmiejscowego są nazwami pospolitymi, np. województwo podlaskie, powiat otwocki, rejon birżański, obwód brzeski. Sposób zapisu nazw wieloelementowych z terminem gatunkowym / elementem gatunkowym pozostaje otwarty, ponieważ istnieje różnica między ogólnymi zasadami ortograficznymi i uzusem.
8
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Polskie egzonimy z obszaru Litwy, Łotwy i Estonii w okresie od XIV do XVIII wieku

72%
Zierhoffer K., Zierhoffer Z.
Onomastica
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2017
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vol. 61
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issue 2
335-342
EN
Polish exonyms from the Baltic countries are morphologically and phonetically adapted from earlier Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian names. They were often adapted from intermediate German or Russian versions. A German toponymic element is rather prominent, especially in the current Latvian territory, where there were once many German settlements. It has left a linguistic imprint both in older (16th–18th c.) Latvian versions of place names, and in Polish exonyms (since Latvia’s independence, official Latvian place names are purely Latvian in form). Place names adapted from the German language do not differ from other names adapted to Polish territory, as shown by the appropriation of the German suffix -burg as -bork. The cited data shows that Lithuanian place names were morphologically adapted to fit Polish inflexion. Phonetically, the most noticeable change is the replacement of the Lithuanian letter a with the Polish letter o, as well as the omission of the end letter s in the names Kaũnas and Kriãvas. It is noteworthy that after this change occurred in the name Kaũnas, it came to be perceived as a name with the suffix -no, common in Polish toponyms. The same goes for the replacement of the letter a by the letter o in the name Wilno. Another example of changes made during name creation can be seen in the name Derpt in Estonian territory, which was extended with the suffix -sko: Derpsko/Derbsko. Intermediate Russian forms can clearly be seen in the adaptation process of the place names Merecz (Lit. Merkys), and Wiłkomierz (Rus. Wołkomir, Lit. Wilkmergė). The emergence of the Old Ruthenian name Kieś of Latvian origin alongside the German name Wenden (in Latvian territory) is a completely isolated circumstance. Other specifics on the phonetical changes that occur during the adaptation of Lithuanian place names into Polish are discussed in a text by J. Otrębski, who argues that they involve the adjustment of Lithuanian vocalisms to Polish vowels.
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Nazwy z Nowego Świata w opracowanych po czesku szesnastowiecznych tekstach o wielkich odkryciach geograficznych

72%
Wiśniewski M.
Národopisný věstník
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
597-605
EN
b2_Exonyms, as all proper names, have their onymic functions, and there is always one dominant function which refers to the receivers of the communication process. The 16th century Czech texts on the New World were created in order to inform people about the new phenomena which were to change their cognition.
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Varianty a variování zeměpisných názvů v českém politickém diskurzu 1945-1989:

58%
David J., Rupińska A.
Acta onomastica
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2020
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vol. 61
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issue 2
299-310
EN
The study is aimed at variants and variation of place names in the Czech political discourse in the period between 1945 and 1989. It is illustrated with the place names Podkarpatská Rus / Zakarpatská Ukrajina (Carpathian Ruthenia / Zakarpatia), Bahía de Cochinos / Zátoka sviní (Bahía de Cochinos / Bay of Pigs), and Falklandy / Malvíny (the Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas). The usage of a particular form (variant) and the substitution of a place name for its variant reflect the process of their politicization and ideological presentation in that-time political journalism. It also shows their usage in symbolic and metaphorical ways through their occurrences in specific collocations. The analysis is based on the Rudé právo newspaper, the official medium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
11
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The Return of Names in the Context of Language Universals: Ancient and Contemporary Local Names with an International Character

58%
Rutkiewicz-Hanczewska M.
Onomastica
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2019
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vol. 63
31-50
EN
The Return of Names in the Context of Language Universals: Ancient and Contemporary Local Names with an International Character The article concerns the history and unique nature of local names derived from exonyms, such as Alexandria, Spain and Lisbon. It describes both past and contemporary onyms, i.e. the names of housing estates, such as Little Tuscany, and apartment buildings, such as Rome, London and Mont Blanc, which are the continuations of the toponymic model launched in the past. The author embeds this model of names in a broader cultural context by referring to language universals. In addition to the rich collection of the oldest biblical names that have been transferred to present names, transfers of old names can be observed among contemporary names. In the past (in the early nineteenth and twentieth centuries), these were mainly the names of countries and, less frequently, those of cities, lands and geographic objects. Today, toponyms are usually based on the names of European cities, attractive geographic objects (lakes, rivers, islands, mountains, volcanoes) and, more rarely, states. While the names of biblical lands were fascinating and attractive in the past, they are almost absent in contemporary names, and if they are present, they concern culturally fixed images such as that of Eden. Both formerly and today, the creators of this kind of names show a longing for the creation of a new world which is no longer inhabited by God in a strictly religious dimension, but a secular one where happiness, peace and joy are sought. In both characterised spaces, the names transferred serve commemorative functions and also imitate coveted spaces which cannot be physically inhabited but can at least be imitated by their names. Formerly, they were real imago mundi representing sacred places (e.g. names such as Calvary). Today, they are created as part of the contemporary architectural tendency for coherence in planning space, names and design.  
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