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DECORATIVE ENGLISH IN JAPAN

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EN
The present paper offers an analysis of the so-called “decorative (or ornamental) English”, as it appears in Japanese advertisements and various announcements. We make a clear distinction between English loanwords, wasei-eigo (‘made-in-Japan’ English) and decorative English and we address the question of whether the function of decorative English is to merely accessorize the message or to become a constitutive element of the message itself, with its own particular functions. Instances of ornamental English have been generally considered as having little or no communicative function, but if we examine them closely, we discover a deeper level, where such linguistic forms are interwoven with the other explicit message components – utterances in Japanese or images – creating a network of intra-textual relations, which incorporates the expressive function of these apparently nonsensical expressions.
EN
The main aim of this article is to present a new method of analysing the expressive function of characters’ proper names in a novel. Although this role was identified over half a century ago, it has not received scholars’ attention and nearly no research has been done to advance its study. The onomastic material examined in this paper comes from the “Harry Potter” series and includes over one hundred and thirty “nomina propria” that serve the expressive function either from the moment of naming or in particular acts of using the name.
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono porównanie dawnych i współczesnych rozważań drogi krzyżowej pod względem funkcji i częstości występowania w nich wykrzykników. Analizie poddano 100 polskich tekstów opublikowanych w pierwszej połowie XX wieku i 100 współczesnych tekstów (wydanych po soborze watykańskim II). Okazuje się, że liczba interiekcji we współczesnych tekstach radykalnie się zmniejszyła. Obecnie występują tylko w specjalnych kontekstach w utrwalonych formułach i w stylizacji, bardzo często w użyciu ironicznym. Artykuł porusza także problem rozróżnienia wykrzykników i innych części mowy, a także interiekcji emotywnych i imperatywnych.
EN
The article presents a comparison of older and contemporary texts in respect of the functions and frequency of interjections. The analysis is based on about 100 Polish texts used in Catholic ceremonies of the so called Way of the Cross published during the first half of the 20th century and 100 contemporary texts of devotional practice (after the Second Vatican Council). It appears that the number of interjections in contemporary texts has decreased radically. At present they occur almost exclusively in special contexts — in fixed formulas and stylization, they are frequently used in ironic utterances. The paper also deals with the distinction between interjections and other parts of speech and considers the problem of differences between emotive and imperative interjections.
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