Search results

1

Refugee crisis – casus of Cottbus

100%

Kruk A.

Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities

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2018

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vol. 8

279-292

EN

The fact that about 4000 immigrants are placed in Cottbus, situated 192 km from Poznań and 83 km from Zielona Góra, makes us feel it is necessary to analyze modus operandi of the entities legitimizing or delegitimizing the Open Door policy of the Chancellor Angela Merkel. To explain their position, political actors refer to the diverse narratives that Rolf Peter Sieferle classified as: the refugee narrative; a narrative recalling the demographic problem; a narrative referring to problems in the labor market and a lack of qualified employees; a narrative referring to the essence of multiculturalism. Difficulties in absorbing immigrants caused a discussion about fatigue both in political parties and in the media, but they showed the potential of social initiatives and movements, for example the organization “Future of the Fatherland”, led by Hans-Christoph Berndt. His views combined with the statements of Dietmar Woidke, the Prime Minister of Brandenburg, or Jörg Steinbach, the President of the Brandenburg University of Technology, reflect the diversity of the assessment of migration policy in a micro-scale.

2

The Theory of Operational and Investigative Activities: Philosophical, Legal, Organizational and Tactical Aspects

80%

Kuleshov R.

Internal Security

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2014

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vol. 6(1)

97-104

EN

The author considers the theory of operational and investigative activities in terms of philosophical, legal, organizationaland tactical aspects. The development of the theory of operational and investigative activities as an independent system ofknowledge is happening constantly and presents a reflection of certain social practices in the fight against crime. The experienceof operational and combat activities to fight crime in Russia has been constantly accumulated and generalized, being realizedin methodological recommendations, regulatory acts and other documents. The author observes that the theory of operationaland investigative activities, and other branches of science, develops under the general laws of science and the laws in force withrespect to its individual sectors. The article defines the normative regulation of tactics, which means that the legislator or agencyrecognized the most effective, rational and expedient way to proceed. The author emphasizes that for both operational combattactics, prevention of crimes and the study of best practices, the most important task is to develop and experimentally verify suchrules, which then receive regulatory consolidation. Tactical recommendations that have been proven by the best practices, receivedscientific evidence and, especially, past experimental verification, acquire mandatory application in practice even without receivinga normative form. This reflects the traditional anticipatory value of the theory over the rulemaking process. The article shows thatonly such techniques and methods that have proven to be unconditionally required in typical situations in all cases of the operationaland investigative activities should become the subject of legal regulations.

3

HATE CRIME ELIMINATION INSTRUMENTS IN HUNGARY

80%

Vyrostko M.

Central European Papers

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2021

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vol. 9

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issue 2

81-90

EN

Extremism is an undesirable anti-social phenomenon, belief or behavior that most societies naturally try to eliminate, or at least mitigate its negative effects. The horrors of the Second World War significantly contributed to the understanding of the seriousness of the radicalization of society, which can lead to the targeted murder of groups of the population on the basis of nationality, race, religious beliefs, or sexual orientation, etc. The aim of the article is to evaluate the relevance of legal measures against extremism and to point out the current problem areas of the fight against extremism in Hungary on the basis of a brief analysis of the Hungarian Criminal Code and the currently identified number of hate speech and hate acts in Hungary. In the parts of the article we refer to the comparison with the Criminal Code no. 300/2005 as amended (Criminal Code of the Slovak Republic). To meet the goal of the article, we use mainly qualitative scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis and comparison.

4

“There is nothing to fear:” Pitfalls in the analysis of the risk of extremism in relation to socially excluded areas

80%

Šotola J.

Human Affairs

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 4

569-578

EN

The goal of this paper is to present action research on the collapsed relations between the Roma minority and the majority population in a single location. The topic of this research emerged as the result of a request from organizations operating in socially deprived areas where the inhabitants anticipated that they might become the target of retaliatory attacks by extremists. Local organizations, along with the police and other institutions, were unable to prevent the resulting spread of panic; the goal of the qualitative research was, therefore, to uncover the mechanism through which panic emerges and spreads, and offer suggestions on how to prevent similar events in the future. The paper presents a reflexive methodology and the initial convictions of the researcher.

5

Important Aspects of Polygraph Examinations of Islamic Faith People

80%

Batyrov T. S.

European Polygraph

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2020

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vol. 14

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issue 2(52)

49-53

EN

In this article the author gives recommendations for running polygraph examinations of Islamic faith representatives during the Muslim fasting period of Ramadan based on his own practical experience and interactions with Muslim psychologists, and also analyzes examples of incorrect formulations of relevant questions on the subject of Islamic terrorism / extremism in the course of screening examinations.

6

Walka z gwałtowną radykalizacją postaw w Unii Europejskiej. Podejście normatywne i instytucjonalne

70%

Wojnicz L.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 2 (383)

25-45

EN

The main purpose of the article is to discuss and evaluate the legal and institutional achievements of the European Union in the area of countering violent radicalization. The study is based on several methods. The first one is the institutional-legal method, which selects the key legal acts and structures in the issue under discussion. The second method adopted is the method of analysis, which is helpful in evaluating both the normative and institutional parts, as it helps to identify, firstly, the key risk areas for the occurrence of jihadist narratives, and secondly, the methodology that the EU has developed in the area of preventing and combating radicalization. The analysis of the legal acts and the institutional system allows an assessment of the effectiveness of the measures and methods at the EU’s disposal, which consequently leads to confirmation or refutation of the thesis that the EU’s approach to preventing and combating radicalization is effective. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the EU’s action on preventing and combating violent radicalization is centered around places where extremist propaganda is highly likely to spread and radicalization occurs as a result, such as prisons and the Internet. And it is primarily in these two areas that the EU’s efforts are focused, both in the normative and institutional spheres. The author believes that the comprehensive institutional and legal tools at the EU’s disposal in the fight against radicalization are effective, although not without flaws. This, however, does not impede confirmation of the thesis of the effectiveness of action undertaken by the EU and the awareness on the part of this organization that the fight against radicalization is a process that requires constant work and cooperation between many actors.

7

TERRORISM STRATEGIES. AN ATTEMPT AT CONCEPTUALISATION

70%

Tomasiewicz J.

Przegląd Policyjny

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2020

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vol. 139(3)

120-138

EN

The article is an attempt to create an instrument for evaluating long-term terrorist strategy. The author analyses the categories of terrorist attacks, direct effects, indirect effects and fi nal goals. He also reconstructs some terrorist strategies.

8

Defining Political Extremism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia

70%

Babić M.

International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal

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2015

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vol. 17

73-90

EN

Political extremism (and particularly right wing political extremism) remains relatively insufficiently explored due to the fact that the phenomenon is controversial and hard to define. Its ambiguity and variability depending on time and spatial point of view further complicates its definition. Its structure is amorphous and eclectic as it often includes elements from different ideologies and connects incompatible ideas. A multidimensional conceptualization and an interdisciplinary approach - sociological, social, psychological and historical, are the Author’s tools in explaining the phenomenon of political extremism in Serbia, hopefully contributing to its clarification and laying a foundation for its further explanatory theoretical studies.

9

Freedom, democracy and extremism in the Slovak Republic

70%

Vyrostko M.

Central European Papers

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2018

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vol. 6

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issue 2

66-77

EN

The issue of the rise of extremism in the Slovak Republic and other Central European states – especially in Hungary, the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic, has been intensively discussed especially in recent years. The aim of our contribution is to answer the question of when measures directed against extremism in the Central European diapason focusing on the Slovak Republic are legitimate and when they become a counterproductive “fight”. We offer the answer based on an analysis and comparison of the legal order related to extremism and freedom of speech in the Slovak Republic, identification and analysis of measures against extremism in the Slovak Republic and, last but not least, case study in the town of Snina. Is the restriction of the freedom of speech or the restriction of the freedom of assembly a legitimate measure in the fight against extremism in the Slovak Republic? How does Government of the Slovak Republic try to combat extremism?

10

Radicalization as a Source of Danger to Safety

70%

Łachacz T., Holger N.

Internal Security

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2019

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vol. 11(2)

119-127

EN

The article discusses the phenomenon of radicalization, which becomes a source of danger for the individual and the security of the state. At the beginning the article discusses the essence and causes of the phenomenon, and then refers to the Polish and German strategies in the field of security. The documents identify radicalization and extremism as a contemporary threat to national security, which is confirmed by numerous attacks in Europe. Examples of attacks involving radicalized individuals are discussed in this paper in the article. The discussion ends with conclusions emphasizing that in the process of radicalization the information provided to individuals and communication between government institutions and society are extremely important.

11

Political Radicalism as a Threat to the Reborn Republic of Poland

70%

Hołub A.

Internal Security

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2020

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vol. 12(1)

225-238

EN

Political radicalism as a threat to the reborn Republic of Poland. The interwar period in Poland was characterised by the occurrence of real threats to the internal security of the state, the source of which was radicalism and political extremism. It was both left-wing and right-wing radicalism. We should mention here communism supported by Bolshevik Russia, Ukrainian nationalism supported by unfavourable countries such as Germany or Czechoslovakia, and Polish right-wing radicals who sought to change the political system of the country but not to annihilate it. All these political trends may have contributed to the destabilization of the Second Republic, but reborn Poland managed to create an appropriate internal security system, which included the Political Police, and on the other hand, the Polish society, as the history of the Second Republic shows, was not seduced by the political extremes.

12

The Rise of Anti-Roma Positions in Slovakia and Hungary: a New Social and Political Dimension of Nationalism

61%

Mihálik J.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 2

179-208

EN

This article discusses the continuous substitution of traditional mutual conflicts and historical grievances between Slovakia and Hungary that has created fertile ground for nationalists on both sides. Currently, we witness the rise of anti-Roma positions and negativism oriented toward this particular group of the population in Slovakia and Hungary. For this reason, we track the sources of new nationalism associated with the hatred of the Roma population. This can be demonstrated by a variety of political incentives and measuring extremism as a tool of acquiring and maintaining political power. The aim of the article is to investigate the extent and reasons of the new social and political dimensions of Slovak and Hungarian nationalism. We assume that the traditional form of bilateral nationalism based on historical, political and social tensions between Slovakia and Hungary is being transformed by the ethnic nationalism against the Roma minority in Central Europe. To support our argumentation, we use the qualitative data from in-depth interviews with young respondents from two contrasting research field sites in Slovakia from EC research project MYPLACE (Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement).

13

The Rhetoric and Reception of John Milbank’s Radical Orthodoxy: Privileging Prejudice in Theology?

61%

Hedges P.

Open Theology

|

2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

EN

This paper uses Douglas Pratt’s typology of religious extremism and fundamentalism to argue that John Milbank’s Radical Orthodoxy employs styles of rhetoric and representation of the religious Other that have clear affinities with such ideologies. While clearly demarcating Milbank’s theology from what is normally termed fundamentalism or extremism, the paper shows that nevertheless similar rhetoric and judgements are employed that suggests that his theology is at best unhelpful, and at worst potentially dangerous. Focusing upon Milbank’s early work, the paper suggests that such rhetoric can be found through much of his writings, but notes that a different approach can be detected in his most recent writings. Suggestions for more productive modes of theological encounters with the religious Other are advanced, which suggest how the ideology of Radical Orthodoxy may be in potential sympathy with such ideas.

14

Ruch QAnon i masowa radykalizacja nowej prawicy. Wykorzystanie struktury Internetu przez ekstremistyczny ruch konspiracyjny w celu pozyskania zwolenników i szerzenia propagandy

61%

Szymkiewicz A.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

|

issue 2 (383)

47-62

EN

This article focuses on the description and case analysis of the phenomenon of QAnon - a radical extremist movement that is a new type of quasi-religious underground community, shaped by the structure of the Internet. The article highlights the most important aspects of the Q community and places them in a broader context. The text focuses on reconstructing the internal logic of the group and analyses the new type of Internet methods and practices. These strategies can be exploited by other movements with a similar profile since through their use, the QAnon has reached millions of recipients on social media platforms. The thesis of the article is based on the assumption that the movement is a community grown on the architecture of the Web 2.0 system, the consequences of which are detailed. The Q movement as a socio-cultural phenomenon has influenced the political radicalization of public opinion not only in the United States, but also in European countries.

15

Przeciwdziałanie ekstremizmowi islamskiemu i terroryzmowi a konsolidacja autorytaryzmu w państwach Azji Centralnej

61%

Shukuralieva N.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2022

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issue 2 (383)

127-138

EN

Central Asian states pay particular attention to the threat posed by Islamic extremism and terrorism. The purpose of this article is to examine the consequences of the global war on terrorism for the non-democratic regimes of Central Asia. The main thesis is that the new political-legal situation after 9/11 at the international level created favourable conditions for the strengthening of authoritarian governments. The security arrangements of the dictatorships derive from the colonial past and the persisting neo-colonial influence and power ambitions of the local ruling elite. The article consists of five sections. The first section discusses how neo/colonial discourses present Islam as a threat to the security of Central Asia. The second section describes the evolution of the right of peoples to struggle for self-determination and the fight against terrorism at the international level. The next two sections focus on the anti-extremist and anti-terrorist policies in the Central Asian states and how these policies are deployed to consolidate authoritarianism. The final section highlights selected aspects of the community of interests shared by the power elite of the centre and the periphery.

16

The American Military Strategy to Combat the ‘Islamic State’ in Iraq and Syria: Assumptions, Tactics and Effectiveness

61%

Waśko-Owsiejczuk E.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2016

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vol. 45

317–336

EN

The American strategy to combat the ‘Islamic State’ rests on four pillars. The first is to conduct systematic air campaigns against the terrorists. The second involves increasing support for forces fighting the jihadists on the ground. The third is based on the strengthening of international cooperation in counter–terrorism operations. The fourth involves the provision of humanitarian aid to civilians displaced from the territories occupied by the jihadists. This article analyzes the assumptions, tactics, the most important decisions and actions of the American administration to combat the ‘Islamic State’. It is an attempt to provide answers to the questions: why has there been a growth of extremism in the Middle East? Why is the ‘Islamic State’ a new form of terrorist threat? How does it differ from other terrorist organizations? How was the ‘Islamic State’ created? What actions have been taken by the international coalition led by the United States in the fight against the jihadists in the Middle East? Is the strategy taken up by the United States effective? Does the defeat of the ‘Islamic State’ require the involvement of US ground forces in Iraq and Syria?

17

MIGRATION AS SECURITY THREAT TO EU

51%

ĎURKECH B., ŠVARNÝ J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2016

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vol. 22(22)

132-146

EN

European union (EU) since the end of cold war did not tackle with more tangible and serious question in security sector than question of migration and especially illegal migration through its Schengen borders. Control of EU´s external borders is becoming of increasing importance due to significant increase of migrant flows from Middle East and North Africa. Migration pressure on Schengen borders and especially of illegal migration does increase security risks for EU. Those are linked not only with potential infiltration of terrorist groups through the Schengen border but also to increased right and left wing extremist groups and their activities, which are increasing divissions in societies and do add to political radicalisation. In this paper we will try to deal primarily with illegal migration. First we will provide general definitions related to migration and look into EU´s strategic documents and how migration is defined in relation to EÚ. We will go through some mechanism EU does have on its disposal in order to deal with migration on its schengen border. In second part of this paper we will deal with migration routes, main causes for migration as well as with impact those movements of migrants do have on country of origin as well as recipient countries. In conclusion we will try to asses overall impact of migration on EU from long term perspective.

18

The specifics of the investigation of manifestations of political extremism from the perspective of expert witness

51%

Svoboda I.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2015

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vol. 14(14)

30-35

EN

The paper deals with the specifics of the investigation of manifestations of political extremism. Political extremism and particularly right-wing political extremism is a present phenomenon, which is from the perspective of Criminology research so specific, that it requires a specific approach in its assessment, especially from a position of legal experts. therefore it is advisable to choose a suitable specific methodology of scientific research on this phenomenon and the need for the court to provide findings that are relevant in the decision in a particular case. in conclusion, the author is then proposing general principles and approaches to solve this current phenomenon of our time.

19

Extremism in a classroom: topics discussed and Estonian teachers' experiences and self-reflective choices

51%

Maiberg H., Kilp A.

Society Register

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2022

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vol. 6

|

issue 1

107-128

EN

Violent acts motivated by extreme interpretations of ideologies (right-wing, left-wing, religions, etc.) catch a lot of attention and cause serious deep emotions such as fear, hate, uncertainty, support polarization of society, and stigmatization of certain people, things, and societal groups. However, little attention has been given to how educators have addressed issues of violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism with their students. According to Vallinkoski et al., 2021 as schools are one of the primary settings where most children spend their time, educators are needed to help children foster these (critical media reading and interpreting skills) skills to support students in understanding the reasons behind and aftermath of extremist events. This article gives overview of the results of a pilot study focusing on Estonian educators' experiences with discussing and tackling extremism in a classroom. The study examines educators' experiences in discussing topics related to extremism with students and colleagues and an overview of topics that students have raised. It also answers whether educators self-censorship themselves in discussing topics related to extremism and if so, what are the reasons for doing that. The study's questionnaire is created based on a similar study conducted in Finland by Vallinkoski, Koirikivi and Malkki (2021) with the permission of the authors and with adaptions for the Estonian context. The study results show that Estonian teachers discuss the extremism-related context in classroom by their and students' initiative. While doing it, they face difficulties in defining 'extremism', understanding how to interpret the students reactions and ideas, and when to contact further counterparts.

20

Wpływ polityki USA na powstanie „państwa” islamskiego. O spuściźnie prezydentury George’a W. Busha

51%

Waśko-Owsiejczuk E.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

|

2017

|

vol. 53

7-31

EN

In 2003, Americans entered Iraq under the banner of war on terror. In addition to having weapons of mass destruction, Saddam Hussein was accused of cooperating with Al-Qaeda. The plan of the administration of President George W. Bush seemed simple: to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein, to protect Iraqi oil fields and begin the process of democratic transition. The planted seeds of democracy in Iraq would be scattered throughout the Middle East. The Americans committed many mistakes in Iraq, which had many repercussions not only for the US, but for the entire system of international security. The stabilization mission in Iraq did not diminish terrorism, but only created a convenient ground for the development of extremism, leading to the destabilization of the entire region. Today, a more problematic issue than the level of democracy in Iraq is the growing terrorist activity of the Islamic “State”, not only in the Middle East, but also in Europe.

PL

W 2003 r. Amerykanie wkroczyli do Iraku pod szyldem wojny z terroryzmem. Obok posiadania broni masowego rażenia Saddamowi Husajnowi zarzucano współpracę z Al-Kaidą . Plan administracji George’a W. Busha wydawał się prosty. Obalić reż im Husajna, zabezpieczyć irackie złoża ropy naft owej i rozpocząć proces przemian demokratycznych. Zasadzone w Iraku ziarno demokracji miało zostać rozsiane na całym Bliskim Wschodzie. Amerykanie popełnili w Iraku wiele błędów, które miały liczne reperkusje, nie tylko dla USA, ale całego systemu bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego. Misja stabilizacyjna w Iraku nie tylko nie zmniejszyła terroryzmu, ale stworzyła dogodny grunt dla rozwoju ekstremizmu, doprowadzając do destabilizacji całego regionu. Dzisiaj bardziej problematyczną kwestią od poziomu demokracji w Iraku jest coraz większa aktywność terrorystyczna „państwa” islamskiego, już nie tylko na Bliskim Wschodzie, ale również w Europie.

Refine search results

Refugee crisis – casus of Cottbus

The Theory of Operational and Investigative Activities: Philosophical, Legal, Organizational and Tactical Aspects

HATE CRIME ELIMINATION INSTRUMENTS IN HUNGARY

“There is nothing to fear:” Pitfalls in the analysis of the risk of extremism in relation to socially excluded areas

Important Aspects of Polygraph Examinations of Islamic Faith People

Walka z gwałtowną radykalizacją postaw w Unii Europejskiej. Podejście normatywne i instytucjonalne

TERRORISM STRATEGIES. AN ATTEMPT AT CONCEPTUALISATION

Defining Political Extremism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia

Freedom, democracy and extremism in the Slovak Republic

Radicalization as a Source of Danger to Safety

Political Radicalism as a Threat to the Reborn Republic of Poland

The Rise of Anti-Roma Positions in Slovakia and Hungary: a New Social and Political Dimension of Nationalism

The Rhetoric and Reception of John Milbank’s Radical Orthodoxy: Privileging Prejudice in Theology?

Ruch QAnon i masowa radykalizacja nowej prawicy. Wykorzystanie struktury Internetu przez ekstremistyczny ruch konspiracyjny w celu pozyskania zwolenników i szerzenia propagandy

Przeciwdziałanie ekstremizmowi islamskiemu i terroryzmowi a konsolidacja autorytaryzmu w państwach Azji Centralnej

The American Military Strategy to Combat the ‘Islamic State’ in Iraq and Syria: Assumptions, Tactics and Effectiveness

MIGRATION AS SECURITY THREAT TO EU

The specifics of the investigation of manifestations of political extremism from the perspective of expert witness

Extremism in a classroom: topics discussed and Estonian teachers' experiences and self-reflective choices

Wpływ polityki USA na powstanie „państwa” islamskiego. O spuściźnie prezydentury George’a W. Busha