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EN
The subject of this paper is a reconstruction of the architectural decoration of a façade of the House of Aion in Nea Paphos. During an excavation carried out in 1997 several pieces of decorated architectural elements were uncovered in room 19, among others the fragments of an arch, a lintel, an engaged column, an impost and two consoles. Those blocks served as a base for the reconstruction of the architectural frame of the main gateway. It took the form of a cantilevered, blind arcade of five spans erected above the main gate. Each span consisted of two engaged columns supporting an arch with a shallow niche underneath it, probably for a kind of decorative element. The reconstruction was based on similar architectural details known from the main room of the House of Aion, the Porta Aurea at the palace of Diocletian in Split, and the western façade of the Felix Romuliana Palace in Gamzigrad.
EN
The article discusses the relationship between the design of structural and architectural details in the design of façades of tall European buildings. It characterizes the influence of load-bearing structures on the possibility of hiding or exposing the load-bearing elements. Next, the design of structural and architectural details is discussed depending on whether the exterior load-bearing elements are in front of the façade, in the plane of the façade or whether they are hidden inside the building. The differences resulting from: structural materials (steel or reinforced concrete), climate and weather conditions, fire protection measures are also referenced. The article also takes into account the influence of the chosen structural joints on the design of details.
PL
W artykule omówiono zależności pomiędzy kształtowaniem detali konstrukcyjnych oraz architektoniczno-budowlanych w projektowaniu elewacji europejskich budynkach wysokich. Scharakteryzowano wpływ ustrojów nośnych na możliwość ukrycia lub wyeksponowania elementów nośnych. Następnie omówiono kształtowanie detali konstrukcyjnych i architektoniczno- budowlanych w zależności od tego, czy najbardziej zewnętrzne elementy nośne w wieżowcu znajdują się przed płaszczyzną elewacji, w tej płaszczyźnie, czy też zostały ukryte we wnętrzu budynku. Odniesiono się do różnic wynikających z: przyjmowanych rozwiązań materiałowych (konstrukcja stalowa lub żelbetowa), uwarunkowań związanych z klimatem i warunkami atmosferycznymi oraz zabezpieczeniami przeciwpożarowymi. Uwzględniono również wpływ rodzaju węzłów konstrukcyjnych na możliwości kształtowania detalu.
3
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Face/Façade: The Visual and the Ethical

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EN
Face and façade share not only the same etymological derivation, but also the appeal to the visual perceptual apparatus. Their operation as visual signs/texts, however, reaches far beyond the merely iconic; in the context of the Western culture, face and façade perform the role of the exterior as symbolically representing the interior. In spite of what they have in common, the two concepts connote different ethical values. Face, especially in the Levinasian sense, implies absolute sincerity and truthfulness; façade, as a "face of the building," is in fact a simulacrum of the interior; it implies excess and uses performative-rhetorical devices of deception. Yet the metonimical representation of the inside by the façade naturalizes - through semiotic conventions and games - its fraudulently excessive character; it is only when façade - in its derivative sense as mask - returns to the face and becomes its metaphorical substitute, that its negative ethical value comes to the fore. The paper explores and theorizes - with intercultural references - the semiotic operation of face and façade, as well as provide analyses of visual examples.
LT
Pasitelkiant tarpkultūrinius pavyzdžius ir semantinės analizės metodą straipsnyje tiriami Veido ir Fasado vaizdinių/sąvokų reikšminis ir etinis aspektai. Ieškoma panašumo tarp abiejų vaizdinių/sąvokų etimologijos ir vizualinio suvokimo struktūrų. Gilinamasi i Veidą ir Fasadą kaip i eksterjero ženklus, simboliniame lygmenyje reprezentuojančius interjerą. Straipsnyje išryškinama, kad tiriamos sąvokos konotuoja skirtingas etines vertes nepaisant dalinio jų tarpusavio panašumo. Veidui priskiriama nuoširdumo ir tikrumo reikšmė. Fasadas (pastato veidas) interpretuojamas kaip interjero simuliakras, todėl siejamas su netikrumu, apgaulingumu.
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