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EN
This article presents a two-denominational village community in central Poland (Roman Catholics and followers of the Old Catholic Mariavite Church). The author strives to combine an anthropological interpretation of her field studies with a broader historical and social perspective. Mariavitism emerged fromRoman Catholicism a hundred years ago. Today it no longer provokes the spontaneous social sanctions of the followers of the mother Church. The structural dichotomy, indistinguishable in everyday life, has been channelled in the local political division. Celebrations of holidays in the village public space are a site of fractional rivalry between political actors and they also serve as a symbolic means of expression for different social forces. Because of the dense local relations and symbols and their interpretations, the local community is easily manipulated politically and this is weakening their civic activity.
RU
Япония - одна из стран с наибольшей нестабильностью глав правительств в мире. Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение как структурных, так и личностных причин такого положения дел на примере короткого срока правления премьер-министра Ёсихидэ Суги (2020-2021 гг.). В то время, как сильная ведомственная секционность в правительстве, фракционность в Либерально-демократической партии (ЛДП), высокая частота выборов в парламент и на должность лидера правящей партии, а также политическая культура консенсуса, затрудняли премьер-министром оставаться у власти в течение более длительного периода, избирательная и административная реформы 1990-х годов облегчили главам правительств стабилизацию социальной и партийной базы поддержки правительства. Однако полное использование новых институциональных инструментов для удержания власти зависело от способности премьер-министра создать положительный образ себя среди избирателей. В статье анализируется, почему премьер-министр Суга, несмотря на то, что возглавлял стабильную правящую коалицию в обеих палатах парламента и имел большой опыт в процессе принятия решений, не смог сохранить изначально высокую популярность правительства и ушел в отставку лишь через год после формирования своего кабинета.
EN
Japan is one of the countries with the most frequently changing heads of government in the world. The aim of this article is to examine both the structural and individual causes of this situation by using the example of the short term in office of Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide from 2020 to 2021. While such factors as strong ministerial sectionalism in the government, factionalism in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), high frequency of parliamentary and ruling party presidential elections, as well as consensual political culture made it difficult for prime ministers to remain in office for a longer period of time, the electoral and administrative reforms of the 1990s facilitated the heads of government to stabilize the government’s social and party base of support. Nevertheless, the usage of the new institutional instruments to remain in power depended on the prime minister’s ability to create his/her positive image among voters. This article analyzes why Prime Minister Suga, despite leading a stable ruling coalition in both houses of the parliament and having extensive experience in decision-making process, was unable to maintain the government’s initially high popularity and resigned only one year after having formed his cabinet.
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