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Kontrowersje wokół osoby i filozofii Awerroesa czyli recepcja Ibn Ruszda w Dar Al-Islam i Orbis Christianorum

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Kaczmarek P.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2013
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vol. 22
81-94
EN
The works of Averroes belong to the heritage of both East (dar al-Islam) and West (orbis christianorum). In the circle of Muslim culture he has become the representative of the Andalusian rationalism. He tried to enter the Aristotelian discourse on the exegesis of the Qur’an and to show that philosophy is contained in the holy book of Islam. Particularly important was the methodology for arriving at the truth by demonstration which is the highest form of logical deduction. Averroes tried to argue that because the Quran contains everything, it also includes philosophy. He used verses of the Quran as premises in syllogistic evidence. His solutions were interesting but finally have been marginalized by the Muslim orthodoxy and he was banished. In the West, Averroes was known as a commentator of Aristotle. However, his original works were little known. In his commentary on the De Anima some medieval thinkers have found a few controversies. The most important of these were the theory of monopsychism, recognition of determinism and eternity of the world and the negation of God’s providence. Recent studies on the works of Averroes have shown that the many allegations made against him were not sufficient justification against his works. Controversy over Averroes show that he is a tragic figure. Although he could have become a bridge between East and West, he was rejected by both parties.
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Mullā Ṣadrā (1572–1640) – wprowadzenie do życia i myśli filozofa perskiego

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Erdt A.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
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2017
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issue 1-2
57-66
EN
The article discusses the life and thought of a prominent Iranian philosopher of the Safavid times, Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad aš-Šīrāzī, commonly known as Mulla Sadra. The first part of the article presents a short biography of the philosopher, informed by both autobiographical sources and the state of research on his life. Then, the main principles of Sadra’s philosophical system are analyzed – the affinity of his ideas to the long tradition of philosophical reflection in Islam, in particular to that of Shī‘ī thinkers, is demonstrated. The last part of the article discusses the philosopher’s rich oeuvre, especially his magnum opus entitled Al-Ḥikma al-muta‘āliyya fi-l-asfār al-‘aqliyya al-arba‘a (Al-Asfār), or “The Transcendent Theosophy in the Four Journeys of the Intellect”. The article is the first broader attempt in Polish scholarship to give an account of the life and works of this great philosopher from Shiraz, a thinker who had a decisive influence on almost all the subsequent tradition of the Shī‘ī philosophy in Iran. The article is supplemented by the translation of Author’s famous Prologue to Al-Asfār.
3

Al-Kindī’s treatise on definitions and its place in history of philosophy

75%
Stefaniuk T.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2017
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vol. 29/1
EN
The paper focuses on al-Kindī’s Treatise on definitions - the oldest surviving Arabic glossary of philosophical and scientific terms. Its author presents more than one definition of the term falsafa (philosophy). Does this mean that he was not sure how to explain to his coreligionists what philosophy really is? In this article I aim to focus on the content of all six definitions of philosophy presented in the treatise. I also compare some of al-Kindī’s definitions of philosophy with the way in which some Greek philosophers, known to him, understood it, as well as with certain ideas derived from the source texts of Islam. The results of the study led to the belief that al-Kindī sought to induce his readers to agree that philosophy was not a threat to the Muslim faith, but rather a science which aims to improve man in the moral sense, and also to significantly increase the human knowledge of the world created by God.
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