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1

A FAKE NEWS CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK: APPLICATION ON IMMIGRATION CASES

100%
VOROBYEVA T., MOURATIDIS K., DIAMANTOPOULOS F.-N., GIANNOPOULOS P., TAVLARIDOU K., TIMAMOPOULOS C., PERISTERAS V., MAGNISALIS I., SHAH S. I. H.
Communication Today
|
2020
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vol. 11
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issue 2
118 - 131
EN
In this study we conduct a systematic literature review with the aim of pointing out the characteristics and types of fake news. We use them to formulate a framework to facilitate classification of fake news instances. Using the classification framework of fake news, we analyse 59 different fake news cases regarding immigration. The research team provided a proof of concept of applicability of the proposed framework for categorising immigration fake news cases. Towards this direction, machine learning algorithms were employed to identify association rules among the classification facets of our framework. The findings of the research study show that a number of these rules can be used in order to design a semi-automated tool that fills-in some of the characteristics of our framework and infers the rest, thus utilising the extracted rules. Benefits stemming from this work include a proposition of an easy to use framework for fake news classification, and derivation of commonly occurring patterns that demonstrate how fake news, as well as their types, interrelate.
2
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Wprowadzenie do definicji i klasyfikacji zjawiska fake newsa

86%
Bąkowicz K.
Studia Medioznawcze
|
2019
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issue 3
280-289
PL
Artykuł przedstawia występujące w literaturze przedmiotu próby zdefiniowania fake newsa. Cel: Przedstawienie różnych podejść definicyjnych, opisanie specyfiki fake newsa oraz scharakteryzowanie prób typologii zjawiska. Metody badań: Analiza literatury przedmiotu oraz źródeł internetowych. Wyniki i wnioski: Wyodrębnienie składowych fake newsa oraz jego cech charakterystycznych koniecznych do stworzenia spójnej definicji. Wartość poznawcza: Uporządkowanie obecnego stanu wiedzy na temat fake newsa.
EN
The article presents the attempts to defi ne fake news in the subject literature. Scientific objective: To present various defi nitional approaches, describe the specifi cs of fake news and characterize typology of phenomenon. Research methods: Analysis of the literature of the subject and online sources. Results and conclusions: Separation of the fake news components and its characteristics necessary to create a coherent defi nition. Cognitive value: Sorting the current state of knowledge about fake news.
3
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Informacja pozorna i fałszywa w jakościowej teorii informacji. Analiza z punktu widzenia cybernetyki

86%
Kiełpiński K. M.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2023
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vol. 9
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issue 1
127-143
EN
Information is the basic tool of inter vivos communication. It serves as a carrier for many data. Thanks to it, many areas of human life can function. Cybernetic scientists have recognized that mankind has difficulty defining and defining „information”. Marian Mazur undertook the task of creating the definition. His research laid the groundwork for a qualitative information theory. Its task was to define the information and carry out the analysis and synthesis of this important reality. Moreover, it showed the differences between doctrine and science. Information science and its theory and quality have shown that scientists want their views to fit with reality. Doctrinaires need reality to match their views. The task of a scientist is to search for truth, therefore he is worried about the difficulties of finding it. The doctrinaire knows the truth from the beginning and enjoys its completeness. Moving on, the scientist has a lot of doubts that what the science says is true, while the representative of the doctrine has no doubt that what the doctrine says is true. After all, the scientist thinks what science says is impermanent, so the doctrine says what the doctrine says lasts forever. The above study showed what information is and what the science of information looks like, moreover, its basic dimension was presented, indicating its operational and essential character. A very valuable description is the analysis of various areas of human life, in which there are various types of information, among them false and false. Pseudoinformation and disinformation occur very often, therefore the next thought expressed in the article was the characteristics and their practical application.
4
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Chrześcijańskie fake newsy w czasach postprawdy

72%
Kłos-Skrzypczak A.
Teologia i Moralność
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2023
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vol. 18
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issue 1(33)
103-117
EN
This article aims to analyze the Christian fake news that appeared in the virtual space between January 1, 2020 and June 1, 2022. The analysis covered the fake news presented on the demagog.org.pl portal edited by the first fast-checking organization in Poland. The author, in order to emphasize the essence of the problem of fake news on the Internet and social media, tries to define such terms as: fake news and post-truth. On the basis of the presented examples, it can be concluded that the publication of Christian fake news is always related to political or social interests, and their aim is to destabilize moods, change opinions or the socio-political situation.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu analizę chrześcijańskich fake newsów, które od 1 stycznia 2020 roku do 1 czerwca 2022 roku pojawiły się w przestrzeni wirtualnej. Analizie poddano fałszywe wiadomości prezentowane na portalu demagog.org.pl redagowanym przez pierwszą w Polsce organizację fast-checkingową. Autorka, celem podkreślenia istoty problemu fałszywych wiadomości w Internecie i mediach społecznościowych, stara się zdefiniować takie pojęcia jak: fake news oraz postprawda. Na podstawie przedstawionych przykładów można wywnioskować, że publikacja chrześcijańskich fake newsów związana jest zawsze z interesami politycznymi czy społecznymi, a ich celem jest destabilizacja nastrojów, zmiana opinii czy sytuacji społeczno-politycznej.
5
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Fake news – niebezpieczeństwo w mediach

72%
Woźniak-Zapór M.
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
|
2017
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issue 4
99-108
PL
Z rozwojem mediów związane są zagrożenia dotyczące bezpieczeństwa przekazywanych informacji. Dziś fake news to przeinaczenia, nieprawdziwości czy nadinterpretacje. Na podstawie błędnych informacji wprowadzanych do obiegu wzrosła cała branża portali dezinformacyjnych. Przekazywanie fałszywych informacji może wynikać ze zdarzeń o charakterze przypadkowym, jak i z celowego działania ludzi.
EN
With the development of the media are related threats to the security of the information. Today „fake news” is a distortion, a misrepresentation or over interpretation. On the basis of false information circulated the entire disinformation portals industry has grown. Duplication of false information may result from accidental events as well as deliberate actions from people.
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„Fake news” w czasach zarazy

58%
Nowak W.
Dyskurs & Dialog
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2020
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vol. II
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issue 1 (3)
105-118
EN
The paper adresses false information related to the world coronavirus pandemic. The author refers to the most popular fake news in the world and shows methods used by the International Fact-Checking Network to fight them. He also separates the most widespread fake news in Poland into sections and tries to answer the question why and what for they are created. He also provides the most effective methods of fighting them.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje temat fałszywych informacji związanych ze światową pandemią koronawirusa. Autor przeprowadza przegląd najpopularniejszych światowych fake newsów i pokazuje metody stosowane przez International Fact-Checking Network do walki z nimi. Dokonuje również podziału najczęściej rozpowszechnianych fake newsów obecnych w Polsce i stara się odpowiedzieć na pytania, po co i dlaczego są tworzone. Przekazuje również najskuteczniejsze metody walki z nimi.
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