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Threat to the Welfare of the Child by Unprofessional Attempts to Create a New Family Code

100%

Stojanowska W., Kosek M.

Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

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2019

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vol. 11

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issue 4

161-181

EN

The aim of the article is to evaluate the draft of a new Family Code developed by the Social Codification Commission for Family and Guardianship Law attached to the Children’s Rights Ombudsman with regard to the advisability and legitimacy of the changes proposed in it, as well as to analyse its selected detailed solutions in the context of their impact on the protection of the child’s welfare. The aforemen tioned detailed issues concern, among others, the issues of parental custody and material and legal grounds for divorce. The proposed changes, namely the replacement of the institution of parental custody with “parental responsibility” and the introduction of a new divorce premise are perceived by the authors of the article as clearly negative. The authors of the article are also critical of the procedure of preparation of the discussed draft. In their opinion, the applicable Family and Guardianship Code is not an anachronistic legal act and can and should continue to play the role of a basic regulator of legal and family relations in our country. The proposal to replace it with a new code is not sufficiently justified, either legally or socially, and its adoption may prove to be dangerous for the stability of the legal and family regula tions, shaped by the latest amendments to family law and contrary to the principle of protection of the best interests of the child.

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Małżeństwo świeckie i wyznaniowe w nauczaniu prawa polskiego w latach 1945–1993

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Rakoczy T.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2017

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vol. 15

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issue 2

187-199

PL

The institution of marriage is important for the both systems of law: state and church, as both of these two bodies must respect the truth about the institution of marriage. As the analysis of the problem shows, i.e. the possibility of contracting marriage in the religious form and in presence of other religious elements, the mentioned rule was not always respected by the Polish State. Religious elements were in fact significantly present in different jurisdictions of the partitioning states, which were in force on Poland’s territory under the rule of individual partitioning states. The possibility of the presence of religious elements in executing institution of marriage was taken into account in discussion that took place in Poland after the year 1918. All projects of acts of law were unfortunately rejected. The first act of law that was promulgated in 1945 presented a completely new, strange and even inimical to the Polish tradition, lay model of executing the institution of marriage. Its tightening followed rapidly after the promulgation of the next act of law, i.e. the Code of Family in the year of 1950. A change came about in the year 1998 through the Polish Concordat which came into force beginning with the year 1993. The possibility of contracting a civil marriage in the religious form was opened first for the Catholic Church. At the next stage, the same possibility was recognized in the case of ten other churches. As the analysis of the problem shows, contracting of a civil marriage in the religious form has always stayed under the control of the registry office. A clergyman is only an executor of the procedure.

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Сэксуальная рэвалюцыя ў Cавецкай Беларусі ў 1920-я гг.: Ідэйныя вытокі і юрыдычнае абгрунтаванне

38%

Гужалоўскі А.

Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni

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2017

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vol. 2

9-59

PL

Wszystkie istniejące w XX wieku reżimy totalitarne próbowały wykorzystać energię seksualną społeczeństwa do swoich celów politycznych traktując ją jako narzędzie inżynierii socjalnej. W Związku Sowieckim ideolodzy partyjni dążyli do dopasowania zachowań seksualnych ludzi do doktryny marksistowskiej. Seksualność w ZSRS pokonała długa drogę od zakrojonych na szeroką skalę swobód w latach dwudziestych przez konserwatyzm epoki stalinowskiej i względną liberalizację w dobie „realnego socjalizmu” do prawdziwej eksplozji na przełomie lat osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych. Pierwszą dekadę po objęciu władzy przez bolszewików cechowały szerokie swobody w dziedzinie życia seksualnego. Zmiany, które wówczas się dokonały, przeszły do historii jako „rewolucja seksualna”. Wiele aspektów tej rewolucji już stanowiło przedmiot badań rosyjskich i zachodnich badaczy. Tymczasem badacze białoruscy w swoich pracach zaledwie poruszali niektóre epizody związane z sowiecką rewolucją seksualną. Przy czym badacze ci tradycyjnie wpisywali ją w nurt ówczesnej sowieckiej polityki narodowościowej i NEP-u. W przeciwieństwie do nich autor danej publikacji podjął próbę spojrzenia na rewolucję seksualną z lat dwudziestych przez pryzmat tworzenia nowej ideologii i prawa regulującego postawy i zachowania seksualne społeczeństwa. W latach dwudziestych bolszewicy przeprowadzali swoisty eksperyment, wówczas trwała transformacja relacji pomiędzy obydwoma płciami. W ówczesnej prasie oraz z trybun dygnitarze partyjni i państwowi otwarcie omawiali sferę seksualną życia obywateli.

EN

All totalitarian regimes which existed in the 20th century tried to use sexual energy of the population like a tool of social engineering. In Soviet Union the Communist Party ideologists strived to change sexuality and sexual behavior of people according to Marxist doctrine. Sexuality in the USSR went through the cycle from unbelievable freedom in the 1920s through the conservatism of Stalinism and a relatively liberal decade of “the developed socialism” to the sexual boom in the end of 1980s – beginning of 1990s. The fi rst decades after Bolsheviks came to power was characterized by unbelievable freedom of even for today. Revolution changes in the sexual behavior took place in the Soviet Russia then in the Soviet Union. Those changes have already got name in contemporary historiography – “sexual revolution”. Many aspects of it were described by Russian and Western researchers. Particular facts on the Soviet sexual revolution can be also found in the work of Belarusian researchers, who have studied the gender aspects of the past. The 1920s are traditionally presented in Belarusian historiography in the context of national or new economic policy. The author tried to have a close look at this decade through “unusual” for most Belarusian historians’ optics – construction of ideological origins and legal basis for new intimacy and sexual relations. The choice is nonrandom. The fi rst decade after the Bolsheviks’ revolution the USSR was the fi eld of experiment, transformation of gender relations. The range of sources is not random too. Printed media as well as the Communist Party and Government offi cials of the liberal 1920s are openly discussed sexual sphere of human activity.

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1 Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem

1 Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

1 Przegląd Środkowo-Wschodni

1 Kosek M.

1 Rakoczy T.

1 Stojanowska W.

1 Гужалоўскі А.

1 2019

2 2017

Threat to the Welfare of the Child by Unprofessional Attempts to Create a New Family Code

Małżeństwo świeckie i wyznaniowe w nauczaniu prawa polskiego w latach 1945–1993

Сэксуальная рэвалюцыя ў Cавецкай Беларусі ў 1920-я гг.: Ідэйныя вытокі і юрыдычнае абгрунтаванне