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EN
Genealogical illegitimacy represents a highly topical issue whose historical roots have not yet been comprehensively mapped in Czech historiography. This presented study pays attention to the relevant Early Modern Age legal norms and mechanisms of ameliorating the position of illegitimate children. From the point of approach to bastards the Bohemian Lands represented an integral part of Central Europe for which a less benevolent attitude was typical. The perspectives of a further research of illegitimacy focused on the milieu of the social elites in the Bohemian Lands are indicated through the intermediary of two specimen cases which are based on archival sources from the 16th and 17th centuries. In the cases of a Southern Bohemian knight Jindřich Pouzar of Michnice resident at Žumberk († 1600) and a military figure Don Balthasar de Marradas y Vique († 1638) of Spanish origins, the author follows the sophisticated strategies of nobles who strove to secure the material standing and a dignified social position for their illegitimate offspring.
EN
Aspirations for keeping the identity revealed by ethnical groups are an exceptional phenomenon in the process of the growing globalization. First of all attachment to one’s native language and to the culture of the group as well as acceptance of definite family structures are numbered among the most important symbols of ethnical identity. The following issues are especially important for a researcher studying the phenomenon of ethnical identity: a) significance of the minority language and the role of the community family structure as the leading symbols of ethnical identity among minority ethnical groups, b) identity of an ethnical minority in the perspective of fundamental values, c) the issue of the European ideal of a mono-language nation-state, d) of a multicultural nation-state (an Australian experience). The article presents studies of ethnical identity that were conducted in Australia, a country with a multicultural society. In the studies young people were included from the Polish and Italian milieus, and additionally respondents of Anglo-Saxon origin. The studies focus on individual assessments of the language that the respondents use in their homes. The analyses are concerned with – apart from the language values – the significance of family values (to this aim family structures were classified). In the article the suggestion is put forward to consider including the conception of fundamental values among the symbols of ethnical identity, that is of the values that are recognized as ones forming the fundamental components of the group culture, of the symbol of the group and of one’s belonging to it.
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