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Mythopoetic Fantasy: In Search of Harmony with the World. Metatheoretical Considerations that use the Example of Tolkien’s Arda

100%
Jastrzębski M.
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2024
|
vol. 19
|
issue 14
280-297
PL
W niniejszych dociekaniach autor poddaje namysłowi popularną w środowisku krytyków literackich opinię o eskapizmie mitopoetyckiej fantasy. Wedle tezy artykułu, jeżeli wziąć pod uwagę specyfikę współczesnego pojmowania rzeczywistości, przeciwko której rzekomy eskapizm fantasy jest skierowany, a także charakter światów narracyjnych mitopoetyckiej odmiany owego gatunku, to okaże się, że jej celem jest nie tyle ucieczka, co poszukiwanie harmonii ze światem. W celu potwierdzenia słuszności owego twierdzenia poddano tu analizie kwestie warunkujące współczesne rozumienie świata, a następnie przedstawiono literackie uniwersum fantasy (przede wszystkim w mitopoetyckiej odmianie tego gatunku) jako swego rodzaju bunt, ale nie przeciwko samej rzeczywistości, a jej nowożytnemu sposobowi pojmowania. Przyjmując eliadowską koncepcję homo religiosus autor dochodzi do wniosku, że fantasy mitopoetycka ma umożliwić człowiekowi współczesnemu sakralizację obrazu świata, co miałoby być powrotem na czas czytania do naturalnego dla człowieka religijnego sposobu postrzegania uniwersum. Konkluzją artykułu jest, że fantasy mitopoetyckie rzeczywiście służy poszukiwaniu harmonii ze światem, a nie ucieczce od niego.
EN
In the presented research, the author reflects on the prevalent opinion among literary critics regarding the escapism of mythopoetic fantasy. According to the article’s thesis, considering the specificity of the contemporary understanding of reality against which the alleged escapism of fantasy is directed, as well as the character of the narrative worlds of mythopoetic fantasy,  the primary aim is not escapism but rather a pursuit of harmony with the world. Investigating the validity of this claim, the issues conditioning our contemporary understanding of the world are analysed. This is followed by a presentation of the literary universe of fantasy (primarily in the mythopoeic subgenre) understood as a form of rebellion: a rebellion not against reality itself, but against the modern perception of the world. Embracing Eliade’s concept of homo religiosus, the author concludes that mythopoeic fantasy seeks to enable contemporary humans to sacralise their perception of the reality as a means of retuning to the natural way of perceiving the universe inherent to the religious nature of humanity. The article concludes that the purpose of mythopoeic fantasy is to seek harmony with the world rather than escaping from it.
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Między wzniosłością a upodleniem. Obrazowanie oraz znaczenie śmierci w fantasy przygodowej i mitopoetyckiej

88%
Płoszaj J.
Literatura i Kultura Popularna
|
2017
|
vol. 23
75-91
EN
This article presents and compares methods of description of death in two primary variants of fantasy literature: sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy. The focus is on works of the precursors of fantasy literature — Robert E. Howard (Conan the Barbarian series) and John R.R. Tolkien (The Lord of the Rings, Silmarillion), and texts of authors who creatively developed two primary types of fantasy literature — Fritz Leiber (Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser cycle) and Ursula K. Le Guin (Earthsea cycle). The analysis is divided into two parts. The first one describes methods of presentation of death and their functions in sword and sorcery literature. In this variant of fantasy many literary images of death can be found, which focus particularly on its biological aspects. The next part shows analogical elements in mythopoeic fantasy, where the descriptions of death are inspired by the medieval chansons de geste. The article shows important differences between methods of presenting of death in sword and sorcery and mythopoeic fantasy and between functions of death in this two primary types of fantasy literature. In sword and sorcery the descriptions of death have great importance in the adventure plot structure, because they are connected with activities and adventures of the main character. In mythopoeic fantasy the kind of a character’s death often shows moral condition of this character. Moreover, death in mythopoeic fantasy is important for the balance and stability of created world.
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