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EN
The present study deals with the analysis of narrative style in the film production in the Czech lands between 1911‒1915; it presents, in particular, a comparison of two distinct narrative trends, one present in the films of the Kinofa company and the second one represented by the films made with ASUM with special regard to the former ones. The analysed material is perceived from two different perspectives: vertically, from top to bottom (the general argument is demonstrated on a restricted sample of extant films) and the other way round (a thorough analysis of one example verifies the validity of the general argument). The nature of the Czech cinematography in the given period is being drawn against the background of the silent era, as well as the aesthetic norms of the contemporary international cinematography.
EN
The author of this essay focuses on the films directed by Argentinean filmmaker Lisandro Alonso (La Libertad, Los Muertos, Fantasma and Liverpool). The article examines the specific film style, focusing on various forms of the cinematic realism. Firstly, the essay proposes the list of the Alonso’s potential protoplasts, confronts the Argentinean filmmaker with the film poetics conceived by Robert Bresson, Béla Tarr and Chantal Akerman. The author claims that the Alonso’s conception updates Bressonian idea of “cinematography”, although Argentinean director rejects the process of semiotic synthesis, instead proposing the uniqueness of the characters, the purest realism – ancillary to the landscape and the actor. Besides, Syska describes the distancing techniques used by Alonso, ellipsis in the film plot, the avoidance of the punchlines and the specific nature of the subjectivity located inside the classical objective narration (e.g. the analysis of a sleep scene from the movie La Libertad). The author also analyzes the temporal relations in Alonso’s films – using the term called “present tense progressive”.
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EN
Marek Hendrykowski’s essay presents the importance of Janusz Morgenstern’s early short film Radishes made after Stalin’s death, in 1954 as a student work produced by Film School in Łódź. The main character, old worker Gruliński loses his clear hopes and human illusions. The pesimistic conclusion is closed further by the simultaneous description of the hero’s social image within a discourse of origins and the sacred which evacuates analysis of class conflict and sociological approach in the narrative of an “ordinary good man” brutally disturbed in his desires and works by the irruption and power of an omnipotent destructive stalinist “red tape” bureaucracy. The poetics of Radishes is deeply influenced by the style of an Italian neorealism, first of all by its famous masterpiece, Vittorio De Sica’s Umberto D. (1952).
PL
Janusz Morgenstern’s „Radishes” Marek Hendrykowski’s essay presents the importance of Janusz Morgenstern’s early short film Radishes made after Stalin’s death, in 1954 as a student work produced by Film School in Łódź. The main character, old worker Gruliński loses his clear hopes and human illusions. The pesimistic conclusion is closed further by the simultaneous description of the hero’s social image within a discourse of origins and the sacred which evacuates analysis of class conflict and sociological approach in the narrative of an “ordinary good man” brutally disturbed in his desires and works by the irruption and power of an omnipotent destructive stalinist “red tape” bureaucracy. The poetics of Radishes is deeply influenced by the style of an Italian neorealism, first of all by its famous masterpiece, Vittorio De Sica’s Umberto D. (1952).
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Etiudy Agnieszki Osieckiej

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EN
In 1957, the famous young Polish poet and song lyrics writer Agnieszka Osiecka (1936-1998) began studying in the Film School in Łódź. She studied film directing in 1957-1961. After graduating in film arts, she decided not to pursue a professional career in cinema. This analytical essay charts the history of the Film School in Łódź in the 1950s, the student works of Osiecka, and the inspiring confluence of audiovisual culture and film. The essay also explores in detail a wide spectrum of Polish film art of that period, providing original interpretations of eight études made by the young and talented artist during her film directing studies in Łódź.
PL
Agnieszka Osiecka’s Student Films In 1957, the famous young Polish poet and song lyrics writer Agnieszka Osiecka (1936-1998) began studying in the Film School in Łódź. She studied film directing in 1957-1961. After graduating in film arts, she decided not to pursue a professional career in cinema. This analytical essay charts the history of the Film School in Łódź in the 1950s, the student works of Osiecka, and the inspiring confluence of audiovisual culture and film. The essay also explores in detail a wide spectrum of Polish film art of that period, providing original interpretations of eight études made by the young and talented artist during her film directing studies in Łódź.
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Etiudy Andrzeja Brzozowskiego

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EN
  Marek Hendrykowski presents in his study the earliest fiction and documentary films made by Andrzej Brzozowski (1932-2005), excellent Polish filmmaker, 1971-2005 professor of the famous Film School in Łódź (PWSFTviT). “Sunflowers” (1953), “Escape” (1954/55), “Legend” (1957), “Jazz Talks” (1957) – these short films, preserved in the collection of Film School Archive, are almost unknown for wider audience in Poland and abroad. In the second part of his study Hendrykowski gives also an accessible overview of the historical evolution of the filmmaker through the close examination of another two outstanding short films made by him: By the Railway Track (1963) and Medallions (1966). Last two were adaptations of short stories written in 1945 by Zofia Nałkowska, a masterpiece of antinazi world lterature. The article deals with the most important values and close-reading thematic and stylistic areas of Brzozowski’s early works: those developing in the 1950’s and early 1960’s but having deep impact in the poetics of academic short film in Poland, whose form and course they have fundamentally redirected.
PL
Andrzej Brzozowski’s Film Etudes   Marek Hendrykowski presents in his study the earliest fiction and documentary films made by Andrzej Brzozowski (1932-2005), excellent Polish filmmaker, 1971-2005 professor of the famous Film School in Łódź (PWSFTviT). “Sunflowers” (1953), “Escape” (1954/55), “Legend” (1957), “Jazz Talks” (1957) – these short films, preserved in the collection of Film School Archive, are almost unknown for wider audience in Poland and abroad. In the second part of his study Hendrykowski gives also an accessible overview of the historical evolution of the filmmaker through the close examination of another two outstanding short films made by him: By the Railway Track (1963) and Medallions (1966). Last two were adaptations of short stories written in 1945 by Zofia Nałkowska, a masterpiece of antinazi world lterature. The article deals with the most important values and close-reading thematic and stylistic areas of Brzozowski’s early works: those developing in the 1950’s and early 1960’s but having deep impact in the poetics of academic short film in Poland, whose form and course they have fundamentally redirected.
EN
The article provides a comparative analysis of the style and composition of Klara Kochańska’s student short feature film Lodgers. (produced by the Polish Nation Filmschool in Łódź in 2015) as an example of film narrative practices typical of the academic exercises of students today.
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