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Możliwości zablokowania ustanowienia powiązania budżetu Unii Europejskiej z praworządnością

100%
Gontarski W.
Przegląd Sejmowy
|
2021
|
issue 5(166)
35-54
EN
The new regime of conditionality for the protection of the rule of law, understood as the rule of law (new conditionality), appears to be contrary to the European Union Treaties, in particular because its essential provisions are incompatible with the requirement of legal certainty which underlies the rule of law. This conditionality is based on financial liability for the risk of illegality, that is, in sum, for lawful acts of a Member State which may possibly turn out to be unlawful, but after financial sanctions have already been applied. This publication deals with the identification and management of legal risks that give rise to financial risks. After characterising the basic EU budgetary instruments on the basis of the acquis of economic and legal sciences (which implies the application of the external integration method), using a dogmatic method, the author discusses the possibility of blocking by a Member State the introduction into EU law of a mechanism binding the budget with the broadly understood rule of law in connection with the signalled incompatibilities of the new conditionality mechanism with primary Union law. The aim of the paper is to answer the question of what legal possibilities an individual Member State has to counteract a Union regulation prima facie incompatible with the rule of law, apart from challenging the regulation before the Court of Justice (review of the legality of legal acts), on the assumption that the rule of law imposes an obligation to first counteract bad legislation (decent legislation as an element of the rule of law) and only as a last resort to lodge a complaint with the Court against a given act of derived Union law.
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Nowy system warunkowości w prawie Unii Europejskiej

58%
Gontarski W.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
|
2021
5-45
EN
The new regime of conditionality relating to the protection of the rule of law, postulated in the conclusions of the European Council and proposed in the Commission’s proposal, does not meet the dictionary requirements of genuine conditionality in two ways. Firstly, it does not introduce clear criteria as to the rule of law. Secondly, the rule of law is not required to be linked – on a sufficiently direct causal nexus – with what is to be dependent on the “rule of law”, i.e. the rule of law is not required to be sufficiently directly related in an actual (and not just potential) manner to certain (specific) EU finances, although the stated aim is to protect the financial interests of the Union. In such circumstances, the principle of legal certainty, being one of the elements of the actual rule of law, is breached. Moreover, the new conditionality duplicates and modifies to a certain extent the treaty procedure for the protection of the rule of law, what in itself constitutes a breach of treaty law by circumventing the law if only because the treaty procedure is more difficult to start than the one under the new conditionality system due to the required majority in the Council and unanimity in the European Council.
PL
Autor omawia zgodność z prawem traktatowym projektowanego systemu warunkowości, dotyczącego zawieszania wypłaty funduszy unijnych państwom członkowskim w związku z zarzutem naruszania praworządności i innych zasad ogólnych. Tak rozumiana nowa warunkowość rozpatrzona została w kontekście dotychczasowego uzależniania wydatkowania funduszy unijnych (a wcześniej wspólnotowych) od spełnienia określonych kryteriów jako utrwalonej praktyki zarządzania funduszami. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zbadanie zgodności z prawem traktatowym nowego systemu warunkowości dotyczącego ochrony praworządności i innych zasad ogólnych postulowanego w konkluzjach Rady Europejskiej z 17–21.07.2020 r. jako kontynuacji prac nad projektowanym przez Komisję rozporządzeniem Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawie ochrony budżetu Unii w przypadku uogólnionych braków w zakresie praworządności w państwach członkowskich z 2.05.2018 r.
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