Search results

1

Demographic Factors Affecting the Level of Financial Literacy in Rural Areas: The Case of Vietnam

100%

Quang P. T., The Anh K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2019

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issue 3 (48)

391-406

EN

This article measures the level of financial literacy in the rural areas of Vietnam. The financial literacy is usually concerned by financial institutions and government organizations. This is considered to be an indicator that contributes to the assessment of the quality and potential growth of the financial system. In the article the determinants of financial literacy in Vietnam are identified. In result the authors propose a designed financial literacy enhancement programme for implementation.

2

Financial exclusion as a result of limited financial literacy in the context of the financialization process

100%

Maciejasz-Świątkiewicz M.

Nauki o Finansach

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2015

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issue 4(25)

90-101

EN

Today financial literacy and consciousness seems to be indispensable for the proper participation in the financial services market. In the face of the financialization process, the lack of or even insufficient financial knowledge and consciousness, can lead to serious consequences, including financial exclusion. Financial consciousness can be defined as a phenomenon connected with being aware of financial incidents and processes and having the capability to explore and evaluate these phenomena, or as a complex psychological formation acting to control one’s financial behaviour. Financial literacy is a part of financial consciousness. This article shows how and in what way financial literacy and consciousness are responsible for the financial exclusion diagnosed in the survey. The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the lack of or insufficient financial literacy can be responsible for financial exclusion.

3

Personal financial planning in Poland against the background of international experience

100%

Waliszewski K.

Nauki o Finansach

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2014

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issue 4(21)

111-134

EN

The objective of this article is to present a profession personal financial advisor in Poland against the background of an international perspective ( the USA, the United Kingdom and the EU). The main hypothesis of this article is as follows: personal financial planning in Poland is developing area and its role will be growing in the future, especially in the pension, investment, insurance and credits area, but this growth will depend on the growth of economic and financial literacy, the enrichment of Polish society and the creation of public confidence towards the personal financial advisor profession. The auxiliary hypothesis of the article is as follows: the main barriers in the development of the financial advisor profession in Poland are low financial knowledge/financial literacy, lack of awareness in the benefits of personal financial planning and advising, reluctance to pay for professional financial advice, low savings rate and lack of regular savings habit and the low level of advice services’ market regulation. Verification of the hypothesis will base on literature study and own study executed among independent personal financial advisors.

4

The Differences in Students’ Financial Literacy based on Financial Education

100%

Nano D., Cani S.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 08

149-160

EN

This paper examines the differences in Financial Literacy among Albanian university students based on their financial education. The main objectives of this study are: i) firstly, to assess the level of financial knowledge, financial attitude and financial behaviour, and to make relevant comparison based on students financial education; ii) secondly, to evaluate an overall score of financial literacy and to investigate its difference among students who are financially educated and their counterparts; iii) finally, to provide some conclusions and policy implications with regard to financial literacy. A total of 607 students from five public and three private universities in Albania participated in this research. The outcome shows that student’s financial behaviour does not differ based on their financial education. In addition, non-financially educated students appear to demonstrate better financial behaviour. Finally, students who have taken a personal financial course are shown to be more knowledgeable and financially literate than their counterparts. This study paves the way for future research in Albania.

5

Financial Issues Perceived by Youth: Preliminary Survey for Financial Literacy Evaluation in the Baltics

100%

Titko J., Lace N., Polajeva T.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

75-98

EN

Financial literacy as a prerequisite of citizens’ financial well-being and, as a consequence, economic security is a hot topic not only in the academic envi-ronment, but also among the representatives of governmental and non-governmental organizations. One of the most important activities realized by the government in order to enhance citizens’ financial literacy level is the implementation of the National strategy. The first step of this process is an evaluation of a current situation, which, in turn, requires a proper measurement instrument. The current research was aimed at specifying the content and the structure of the instrument, as well as to reveal the differences in perception of financial matters by students from different countries. A set of 12 financial questions was developed to detect perceived importance and complexity of financial literacy components, as well as to get financial literacy self-assessment scores. The questions were disseminated among the Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian students. The obtained results assisted to specify the content and wording of questions to be included into the financial literacy measurement instrument. Besides, revealed differences between students’ perception of financial questions allowed making conclusions about students’ self-confidence that has a great impact on financial literacy level.

6

Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Financial Literacy

100%

Petrášková V.

The New Educational Review

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2013

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vol. 34

280-291

EN

Pre-service teachers’ knowledge in the field of finances is crucial as it is a prerequisite to the development of students’ financial literacy. This paper describes a quantitative study focusing on testing pre-service mathematics teachers’ financial literacy at the start of their studies. 47 pre-service mathematics teachers were assigned a test of financial literacy within the frame of this study.

7

Can People Trust What They Don‘t Understand? Role of Language and Trust for Financial Inclusion

100%

Nagańska A., Cichocki S.

Central European Economic Journal

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2022

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vol. 9

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issue 56

132-157

EN

The aim of this paper is to look at determinants of financial inclusion through the lens of comprehension of financial concepts and financial language. Specifically, we are interested in which factors are important should this comprehension be absent. We show that, in the context of finance, communication is an important transmission channel through which individuals are encouraged or discouraged to participate in the financial system. We argue that the unfamiliarity with products and the complexity of language used in the banking sector tend to limit trust granted to financial institutions. We test the hypothesis that linguistic diversity is a strong instrument for the impact of the lack of communication on trust.Applying Ordinary Least Squares and probit regression, quantile regression, and instrumental variables to cross country and individual-level data, we show the importance of individual and cultural characteristics and demonstrate the role of trust and communication for financial inclusion. The outcome is consistent for different model specifications.

8

Households’ Borrowing Intentions During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Role of Financial Literacy

100%

Kurowski Ł., Malinowska-Misiąg E.

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

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2022

|

issue 1(17)

98-113

EN

This study aims to determine the role of financial literacy in households’ borrowing intentions during the coronavirus pandemic. Employing a survey of 1,300 Polish citizens conducted during the COVID-19 crisis and an instrumental variable analysis, we found that financial literacy significantly increases households’ borrowing intentions. This applies to financially sound consumers both in crisis and normal times. In terms of sociodemographic features, young adults and the less educated are less willing to borrow during the pandemic.

9

Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on the Concept of Financial Literacy

100%

Sipahi Döngül E., Skica T.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

|

2023

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issue 1 (Numer Specjalny)

31-51

EN

The purpose of the article. This paper attempts to reveal the effect of the study by visually presenting the analysis of the studies on the concept of "financial literacy". Methodology. Bibliometric analysis of the studies published in the Web of Science (WOS) database between 1991 and 2023 was analyzed with the VOSviewer (Version 1.6.9) package program. Since the title, content, and keyword of the concept of "financial literacy" were intended to be scanned in all languages and all publication types, 2,889 works were accessed and analyzed. The limitations of the study are that only the studies in WOS are analyzed. No data from Scopus and PubMed databases has been included. For future studies, research from the Scopus and PubMed databases should be added. Results of the research. When the most frequently included keywords in the publications related to the concept of "financial literacy" have a relationship between them at least twice in the study, the keywords "financial literacy" with 825 repetitions in terms of 1841 total connection strength, "financial education" with 111 repetitions in terms of 315 total connection strength, "financial behavior" with 65 repetitions in terms of 217 total connection strength and "financial knowledge" with 71 repetitions in terms of 213 total connection power are seen. As a result of the analysis performed, it was determined that there were 2265 connection powers and 4069 total connection powers for a total of 36 clusters. When we look at the year-by-year distribution, the most works were published in 2022 with a maximum of 426 works. At least one work was published in 2004, 2003, 1998, 1994 and 1991. Among the published studies, journal article 2,515, proceedings paper 280, early access 135, book chapters 101, review article 68, editorial material 29, correction 6, book 5, book review 3 were determined as works. When we look at the languages in which the published works are published, they are in English with a maximum of 2,814 works. At least two works are in French and Chinese. In order to determine the year-based stratification status of the published studies for country-based citations, it was noted that a country should have at least 1 study published and at least 1 citation obtained. As a result of the analysis, analysis was carried out on 78 observation units that were found to have a relationship between them, and it was determined that there were 14 clusters, 1065 connection power and 9417 total connection power. The countries with the most citations are the USA (11981 citations), the Netherlands (2445 citations) and England (1685 citations). In terms of the number of works, the ranking is the USA (197 publications), China (77 publications), India (73 publications), and Australia (70 publications). When the stratification status of the citation ties of the countries on a yearly basis is examined, it is seen that they are limited between 2017 and 2021.

10

The role of financial literacy in retirement investment choice

88%

Nguyen T. A. N., Polách J., Vozňáková I.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 4

569-589

EN

Research background: Preparation for retirement is a major concern for the people in the workforce as they have to encounter considerable difficulties in making the right investment decisions for their retirement. Purpose of the article: This research extends the literature on personal finance by investigating the impact of both financial literacy levels and pension knowledge on employees? investment choice decision for their retirement, while in previous literature the role of these factors has mainly been explored separately. Methods: To conduct the research, a survey questionnaire was applied to collect data in three main regions of Vietnam comprising Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam. Data collection was made in 2018, in which 427 valid questionnaires were used for data analysis from 700 questionnaires. Two estimation methods are employed for analysis in this study, including a linear probability model (LPM) and two-stage least squares (2SLS) model. The findings of this research remain significant after the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model is used as an estimation technique to eliminate potential bias caused by endogenous problems. Finding & Value added: The results show that basic financial literacy level and pension knowledge are principal factors which significantly increase the probability of exercising retirement investment choice of employees, while advanced financial literacy level factor has a significant effect on choosing growth investing options for their retirement. Further, this research finds that there is no correlation between employees? financial risk tolerance and their retirement investment choice. Furthermore, the study proposes and offers new evidence that pension knowledge is a decisive factor providing employees with encouragement to exercise retirement investment choice and those who consult with financial advisors tend to take part in growth investing option.

11

Personal Over-indebtedness in Croatia and Measures for its Reduction

75%

Bejaković P.

Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 1

45-58

EN

The robust growth in household debt in pre-crisis period coincided with real growth in household disposable income, large economic expansion and a considerable fall in banks’ interest rates. However, household debt indicators deteriorated markedly as total household debt grew faster than income. This raised concerns about potential implications of an additional increase in the debt burden on financial stability. An analysis of household debt based exclusively on data aggregated at the sector level is not a best financial vulnerability indicator as it fails to provide insight into the distribution of debt and credit risk by individual household groups. The text explains the problems with personal over-indebtedness in Croatia and measures for their reduction.

12

Cíle finančního vzdělávání v oblasti penzijního připojištění

75%

Vladimíra P.

Littera Scripta

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2013

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vol. 1

116-127

EN

In the past years, the issue of nancial literacy has got into the limelight of governments, financial institutions, political parties, mass media, sociologists and other entities. Many documents focused on the issues of financial education have been approved. In the Czech Republic, one of the essential documents is Systém budování finanční gramotnosti na základních a středních školách (The system of development of financial literacy at primary and secondary schools) that deffines financial literacy standards for various degrees of schools. These standards have been implemented into the curricular documents of the Czech educational system, which are framing educational programmes for particular degrees and types of schools. This article deals with one of financial products, which is a part of the financial literacy standards designed for secondary schools, i.e. contributory pension scheme. Within the article, desirable target status of financial education in this field will be outlined.

CS

V posledních letech se do popředí zájmu vlád, finančních institucí, politick ých stran, médií, sociologů a dalších subjektù dostala problematika finanční gramotnosti. Byla schválena řada dokumentů, které se zaměřují na otázky finančního vzdělávání. V České republice je jedním ze stěžejních dokumentů dokument Systém budování finanční gramotnosti na základních a středních školách, který vymezuje standardy finanční gramotnosti pro různé stupně škol. Tyto standardy byly implementovány do kurikulárních dokumentù české vzdělávací soustavy, což jsou rámcové vzdělávací programy pro jednotlivé stupně a typy škol. Tento článek je zaměřen na jeden z finančních produktů, který je součástí standardů finanční gramotnosti určených pro střední školy, a to penzijní připojištění. Bude ukázáno, jaký by měl být cílový stav finančního vzdělání v této oblasti.

13

Zachowania młodych konsumentów na rynku finansowym w aspekcie oszczędzania i inwestowania pieniędzy - wyniki badania ankietowego

75%

Smalej O., Kawczyńska-Butrym Z., Mącik R., Pantyley V.

e-mentor

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2021

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issue 4 (91)

35-42

EN

The article attempts to diagnose the behavior of young people on the financial market in terms of saving and investing money. The research was based on CAWI method, on the example of a random research sample of 261 pupils aged 17-18, participating in the 2nd grade of general secondary schools and technical secondary schools in selected poviats of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Research results showed that the average amount of savings currently held by the respondents is PLN 5,829. Most often savings are accumulated at home (54% of respondents), almost 1/3 of respondents also have a savings account. More than 70% of the respondents set a goal for themselves when they save money, the most common is the purchase of a product or hobby-related expenses. Young people invest funds much less frequently, although there is a noticeable group of respondents who make their debuts in investing at an early age. The analysis does not provide statistically significant differences in terms of gender, place of residence, family type or school type in the respondents' answers about saving and investing money.

14

Personal Finances in the Era of Modern Technological Solutions

63%

Warchlewska A. J., Janc A., Iwański R.

Finanse i Prawo Finansowe

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2021

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vol. 1

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issue 29

155-174

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty zarządzania finansami osobistymi z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych technologii finansowych. W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaki wpływ na zarządzanie finansami osobistymi ma alfabetyzacja finansowa oraz rozwój rozwiązań fintech. Metodologia: W opracowaniu dokonano analizy wpływu posiadanej wiedzy i kompetencji finansowych na decyzje konsumentów w zakresie finansów osobistych. Poczynione analizy prowadzą do odpowiedzi na pytanie, które determinanty mają wpływ na decyzje finansowe konsumentów oraz jakie zdalne narzędzia oferuje rynek. W artykule postawiono hipotezę, że intensyfikacja działań edukacyjnych dostosowanych do każdej grupy wiekowej przez instytucje oferujące usługi finansowe może wpłynąć na większe wykorzystanie nowoczesnych narzędzi w procesie zarządzania finansami osobistymi. Teoretyczne rozważania zostały oparte na pogłębionej kwerendzie literatury w przedmiotowym zagadnieniu. Przedstawiono badania i eksperymenty finansowe w zakresie wiedzy i umiejętności finansowych. Do analizy w zakresie rozwoju branży FinTech wykorzystano wtórne materiały empiryczne. Wyniki: Skuteczność edukacji finansowej obserwowana jest jedynie w konkretnych zachowaniach finansowych. Branża finansowa jest kształtowana przez odbiorców, którzy zamiast edukacji finansowej poszukują np. coachingu finansowego dla konkretnego problemu na różnych etapach swojego życia. Zmiany w strukturze populacji (starzejące się społeczeństwo) oraz duża grupa klientów z grup defaworyzowanych (m.in. seniorzy, osoby niepełnosprawne) wymagają wypracowania nowych, dopasowanych strategii przez banki i dostawców usług finansowych. Zbyt duża pewność siebie i niski poziom wiedzy konsumentów na temat cyberbezpieczeństwa staje się wyzwaniem dla nowoczesnych technologii finansowych.

EN

The purpose of the article: the aim of the article is to present the essence of personal finance management using modern financial technologies. The paper seeks to answer the question of the impact financial literacy and the growth of the fintech solutions have on personal financial management. Methodology: the analysis leads to an answer to the question of which determinants have an impact on consumers' financial decisions and what remote tools the market offers. The paper hypothesizes that the intensification of educational activities tailored to each age group by institutions offering financial services may influence the greater use of modern tools in the process of personal finance management. Theoretical considerations are based on an in-depth query of literature on the subject. Research and financial experimentation in the field of financial knowledge and skills are presented. The secondary empirical material is used to analyze the development of the FinTech industry. Results: The effectiveness of financial education is observed only in specific financial behaviors. The financial industry is shaped by recipients, who instead of financial education, look e.g. financial coaching for a specific problem at different stages of their lives. Changes in population structure (aging population) and a large group of customers from disadvantaged groups (e. i. seniors, disabled people) require the development of new, matched strategies by banks and financial services providers. Too much self-confidence and a low level of consumer knowledge of cybersecurity is becoming a challenge for modern financial technologies.

15

Analiza wiedzy i umiejętności finansowych młodego pokolenia

63%

Musiał M., Świecka B.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 326

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze financial literacy of the young generation. For the purpose of the article the following hypothesis is to be assumed: Young people have low financial knowledge and skills. They require financial education much more than other generations. These considerations are both theoretical and empirical with base in secondary research, as well as primary ones. The applied research methods rely on the operationalization of the conceptual issues related to financial knowledge and skills. Those are scarcely described in the Polish literature. Carried out literature studies are basis for the analysis of secondary and primary research, conducted on a group of 949 students from 10 faculties of the University of Szczecin. The research was conducted in the spring of 2015.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena wiedzy (financial knowledge) i umiejętności finansowych (financial literacy) młodego pokolenia oraz wskazanie na preferowane postawy i zachowania finansowe respondentów. Na potrzeby artykułu przyjęto następującą hipotezę badawczą: Wiedza i umiejętności finansowe wpływają na kształtowanie postaw finansowych młodego pokolenia. Młodzi ludzie posiadają niską wiedzę i umiejętności finansowe. Wymagają edukacji finansowej znacznie bardziej niż inne generacje. Rozważania w tym zakresie mają zarówno charakter teoretyczny, jak i empiryczny w oparciu o badania wtórne, jak i własne. Zastosowane metody badawcze polegają na operacjonalizacji pojęciowej zagadnień związanych z wiedzą i umiejętnościami finansowymi, które są niewystarczająco opisane w literaturze krajowej. Przeprowadzone studia literaturowe stanowią podstawę do analizy badań wtórnych i pierwotnych realizowanych na grupie 949 studentów z dziesięciu wydziałów Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Badania były realizowane wiosną 2015 roku.

16

Regulacyjno-instytucjonalne ramy ochrony konsumentów na rynku usług finansowych – wybrane doświadczenia międzynarodowe

63%

Frączek B., Mitręga-Niestrój K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2015

|

issue 2(938)

5-15

PL

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie i usystematyzowanie najważniejszych rozwiązań regulacyjno-instytucjonalnych w zakresie ochrony konsumentów usług finansowych na świecie. Ochrona ta jest niezbędna nie tylko dla rozwoju systemów finansowych, ale również dla stabilności finansowej, zarówno w wymiarze krajowym, jak i międzynarodowym. Obecne ramy regulacyjno-instytucjonalne ochrony konsumentów usług finansowych cechuje wielość rozwiązań. Wyraźną tendencją, która pojawiła się w następstwie światowego kryzysu finansowego, jest podejmowanie międzynarodowych wysiłków w celu wypracowania wspólnych rozwiązań i wzmocnienia współpracy. Istnieje konieczność znalezienia uzupełniających, w stosunku do regulacyjno-instytucjonalnych, rozwiązań w zakresie podnoszenia poziomu ochrony konsumentów. Jednym z najskuteczniejszych sposobów takiej ochrony jest edukacja finansowa.

EN

The main aim of this article is to introduce and systemise the most important regulatory and institutional solutions concerning the protection of consumers of financial services. Customer protection is not only essential for the development of financial systems, but is also a prerequisite for financial stability in both individual economies and in an international dimension. The present regulatory-institutional framework of the protection of consumers of financial products offers a multiplicity of solutions. There is, however, a clear trend which has occurred as a result of the global financial crisis – international efforts to develop common solutions and strengthen cooperation. It is essential to find solutions which can complement regulatory-institutional ones and raise the level of protection. One of the most effective methods is to educate consumers in financial matters.

17

Financijska pismenost - jedan od temelja poduzetničkog učenja

63%

Primorac Krmpotic M.

Obrazovanje za poduzetništvo - E4E : znanstveno stručni časopis o obrazovanju za poduzetništvo

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2020

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vol. 10/1

189-204

HR

U Hrvatskoj su odrasli građani prezaduženi, a mladi financijski nepismeni te je evidentna potreba za financijskim obrazovanjem. Međunarodno istraživanje OECD-a PISA 2012 pokazalo je da hrvatski petnaestogodišnjaci nisu sposobni donijeti ispravnu financijsku odluku i planirati budućnost. Različita istraživanja financijske pismenosti u Republici Hrvatskoj pokazala su da je prosječna ocjena financijske pismenosti poražavajuća. Najnižu pismenost imaju mlađi od 19 godina. U sklopu istraživanja uobičajeno se mjere tri osnovne kategorije: financijsko znanje, financijsko ponašanje i odnos prema novcu, a rezultati pokazuju da, premda se mladi od najranije dobi susreću s novcem, o novcu se ne razgovara u obitelji, vrtiću, školi ili fakultetu. Osnovno financijsko obrazovanje nije ponuđeno u obrazovnom sustavu u Hrvatskoj ni na kojoj razini. Posljedica je da mladi ne znaju procijeniti izazove i rizike na financijskom tržištu, što dovodi do loših poslovnih odluka, pada prihoda i prevelike zaduženosti. U nastojanju da se to promijeni, a u skladu s dva dokumenta Vlade Republike Hrvatske (Odluku o donošenju programa međupredmetnih i interdisciplinarnih sadržaja građanskog odgoja i obrazovanja za osnovne i srednje škole i Nacionalni strateški okvir financijske pismenosti potrošača za razdoblje od 2015. do 2020. godine) učenicima trećeg i četvrtog razreda Hotelijersko-turističke škole uveden je fakultativni predmet Financijska pismenost. U ovom su radu prezentirana očekivanja učenika koji su prepoznali vrijednosti nastavnog sadržaja, opisan je nastavni proces i načini učenja putem izvannastavnih aktivnosti. Prikazan je sadržajni okvir predmeta distribuiran po modulima u skladu s Odlukom o donošenju kurikuluma međupredmetne teme Poduzetništvo za osnovne i srednje škole, zatim metode procjene znanja i usporedba rezultata anketa učenika koji pohađaju financijsku pismenost i učenika koji je ne pohađaju.

EN

The fact that the adult Croatian citizens are severely indebted and the youth is financially illiterate, created the need for financial education. OECD-a PISA 2012 international research showed that Croatian fifteen-year-olds do not know how to make a sound financial decision or plan their future. Various research studies conducted in the Republic of Croatia indicated a very low average rate of financial literacy, the lowest being recorded among the population younger than 19. The research ubiquitously measures three basic categories: financial knowledge, financial conduct and attitude toward money. The results show that the finances are not discussed either in the family circle or in school or at university. Basic financial education is not a part of the curriculum at either of the educational levels. Consequently, young people do not know how to estimate potential risks and meet the challenges of the financial market, which leads to making bad business decisions, profit decrease and debts. Trying to change that situation, the School of Hotel Management and Tourism in Zagreb has implemented Financial Literacy as an elective school subject in the third and the fourth year curriculum, in accordance with two documents issued by the Government of the Republic of Croatia (Decision on Implementing Interdisciplinary and Cross-Curricular Topics of Civic Education in Primary and Secondary Schools and National Strategic Outline of Financial Literacy of Consumers for the Period between 2015 and 2020). This paper encompasses the expectations of students who recognized the value of the subject matter, describes the educational process and learning methods used in extracurricular activities: visiting financial institutions. The paper also outlines the modular structure of the school subject curriculum, in accordance with Decision on Implementing Interdisciplinary and Cross-Curricular Topics of Entrepreneurship in Primary and Secondary schools, evaluation methods and comparative results of the survey conducted among the students who attend Financial Literacy classes and the students who do not.

18

Wiedza finansowa jako jedna z determinant długoterminowego planowania finansowego

63%

Swacha-Lech M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2016

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vol. 50

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issue 4

EN

The aim of this paper is to show the influence of financial literacy on retirement planning, perceived as jump-start the retirement saving process. The article presents the results of the study in this area obtained by researchers in 8 selected countries. It also puts emphasis on the necessity for education with reference to saving, mainly in the area of long-term planning and personal finance management. In this context the author made an attempt to identify the conditions and factors determining the effective education with respect to the analyzed problem.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie wpływu wiedzy finansowej na skłonność jednostek do długoterminowego planowania finansów osobistych, postrzeganego jako warunek niezbędny do skutecznego gromadzenia oszczędności emerytalnych. W opracowaniu wykorzystano wyniki badań w tym obszarze przeprowadzonych przez naukowców w ośmiu wybranych państwach świata. Praca uwypukla potrzebę edukacji w zakresie oszczędzania, w tym zwłaszcza w obszarze długoterminowego planowania i zarządzania finansami osobistymi w długim okresie. Na tym tle autorka dokonała próby określenia zespołu warunków i czynników determinujących skuteczną edukację w odniesieniu do analizowanego zagadnienia.

19

Financial and insurance literacy in Poland

63%

Kawiński M., Majewski P.

Wiadomości Ubezpieczeniowe

|

2016

|

issue 4

21-32

EN

The aim of this paper is to present a critical analysis of different concepts related to financial literacy. Discussion of the usefulness of standard questions on financial literacy and a presentation of the first Polish research of “Big Three” questions on financial literacy compared with selected countries are also included. Finally, a questionnaire on insurance literacy and the findings from Polish research are presented.

PL

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie krytycznej analizy różnych koncepcji związanych ze świadomością finansową. Omówiono również przydatność standardowych pytań dotyczących świadomości finansowej oraz prezentacja wyników pierwszych polskich badań z użyciem pytań tzw. wielkiej trójki w porównaniu z wybranymi krajami. Wreszcie przedstawiono propozycję pytań analizujących świadomość ubezpieczeniową oraz wyniki polskich badań z ich użyciem.

20

Nadmierne zadłużenie gospodarstw domowych – problem finansowo-prawny czy społeczny?

63%

Gębski Ł.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

|

2013

|

vol. 263

|

issue 4

83-108

EN

The article focuses on the issue of excessive household debt, its causes and implications. Indebtedness and consumer bankruptcy have been a subject of scientific and empirical studies for decades, the author says. The consequences of excessive household debt reach far beyond finance and law and make it a major social problem, according to Gębski. Indebtedness leads to a loss of financial security and financial and social exclusion. In his research, the author refers to various European and North American publications dealing with indebtedness. These studies adopt different approaches and define excessive debt in different ways. Gębski comes up with a definition of excessive debt that combines various concepts relevant to the United States and Canada as well European Union countries including Poland. The research enables the author to identify a number of universal factors that determine the basic causes of indebtedness. The author highlights the social aspect of the problem by analyzing consumer protection policy tools and pinpointing trouble spots such as information asymmetry on the consumer finance market. The finding that excessive debt is caused by a combination of factors including the expected level of consumption, financial market practices and financial literacy can be a valuable clue for governments and NGOs dealing with the problem, Gębski says – in terms of how they could prevent the escalation and consequences of household indebtedness and give indebted households a chance for a new start in life.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zjawiska nadmiernego zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych, jego przyczyn oraz okoliczności mu towarzyszących. Badania prowadzone były w oparciu o wybrany północnoamerykański oraz europejski dorobek naukowo-badawczy, obowiązującą legislację oraz wynik amerykańskich badań empirycznych dotyczących znajomości i rozumienia pojęć finansowych. Konsekwencje nadmiernego zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych wykraczają poza podstawowe kategorie finansowo-ekonomiczne (m.in. opóźnienia w spłacie zobowiązań, utrata płynności finansowej gospodarstwa domowego) oraz obowiązujące ramy prawne (upadłość konsumencka). Prowadzą one do szeregu problemów społecznych, takich jak utrata bezpieczeństwa/zabezpieczenia finansowego oraz wykluczenie finansowe. Artykuł przywołuje wybrane koncepcje i dokonując ich syntezy wyprowadza wspólne wnioski, a także podejmuje próbę stworzenia wspólnej definicji pojęcia nadmiernego zadłużenia – właściwą zarówno dla Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady, państw Unii Europejskiej oraz Polski. Świadomość, że u źródeł nadmiernego zadłużenia znajduje się szereg różnych czynników, takich jak asymetria informacji, oczekiwany, a często nieadekwatny do sytuacji gospodarstwa domowego poziom konsumpcji, praktyki rynku finansowego oraz brak zrozumienia nawet podstawowych kategorii ekonomicznych, stanowić może cenną wskazówkę dla rządów i organizacji pozarządowych zajmujących się tym problemem, w zakresie kompleksowego formułowania zasad i zakresu ochrony konsumentów, edukacji ekonomicznej oraz stwarzania podstaw do bezpiecznego „nowego startu”, dla tych gospodarstw domowych, które w konsekwencji nadmiernego zadłużenia trwale utraciły zdolność do regulowania swoich zobowiązań.

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