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Съвременниците на борбата за независима българска църква – за какво всъщност говорят те (Никола Сапунов и Иван Найденов)

100%

Аретов [Aretov] Н. N.

Slavia Meridionalis

2020

vol. 20

Two Activists in the Struggle for an Independent Bulgarian Church: What Are They Actually Saying? (Nikola Sapunov and Ivan Naydenov) This paper uncovers a slightly different picture of the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Church and deals with the texts of two of its participants: the memoir and diary of Nikola Sapunov (1815–1861) and the correspondence of and some other texts by Ivan Naydenov (1834–1910). Apart from patriotism, martyrdom and political plans, which are also often problematized, there are also personal partialities, hostilities, ambitions, and financial motives. For many activists, the authority of the Ottoman Sultan (who was also a Caliph, the religious leader of all Muslims) and keeping his firman in force were very important. The confessional mobility within Christianity characterized the life of Sapunov and some other activists generated tensions and polemics, but not clashes on a great scale. The relations with foreign factors, primarily Russia, were also important. They were complicated and included not only different forms of interferences, but also deliberate demands for such an intervention and efforts to provoke it and follow foreign models, mostly the Greek one. Keywords: Nikola Sapunov, Ivan Naydenov, Bulgarian Church, confessional mobility, financial motives Dwaj uczestnicy walki o niezależny Kościół bułgarski. O czym właściwie mówią? (Nikoła Sapunow i Iwan Najdenow) Artykuł jest poświęcony tekstom dwóch uczestników walki o niezależny Kościół bułgarski – wspomnieniom i pamiętnikowi Nikoły Sapunowa (1815–1861) oraz korespondencji i innym pismom Iwana Najdenowa (1834–1910) – i kreśli nieco odmienny obraz dobrze znanych wydarzeń. Oprócz patriotyzmu, męczeństwa i planów politycznych, często kontrowersyjnych, ujawniają się w nich także osobiste namiętności, wzajemne animozje, ambicje i motywacje finansowe. Dla znacznej części działaczy bardzo ważny był autorytet sułtana osmańskiego (który był kalifem, przywódcą religijnym wszystkich muzułmanów), a także – zachowanie w mocy jego firmanu. Mobilność wyznaniowa w ramach religii chrześcijańskiej, jaka charakteryzowała życie Sapunowa i niektórych innych działaczy, wywoływała napięcia i polemiki, lecz nie wielkie starcia ideologiczne. Relacje z zagranicą, przede wszystkim z Rosją, były złożone i nie wynikało to tylko z faktu podejmowania przez siły z zewnątrz konkretnych interwencji, lecz również ze świadomego ich poszukiwania czy wręcz prowokowania ze strony bułgarskiej, a także z chęci naśladowania obcych wzorów, zwłaszcza greckich.

Student Motivation in the 21stCentury – Slovak Experience

72%

Rozvadský Gugová G., Maťovčíková D.

Acta Technologica Dubnicae

2015

vol. 5

issue 2

1-13

One of the five primary objectives of the European Union within the framework of Europe 2020 is to increase the proportion of the tertiary educated population. The research task titled “The motivation of the student in the 21st century” is intended to address the factors that have both an impact on the decision of students to pursue higher studies and affect the choice of a specific field of study and a preferred form of study. The stimulus to the exploration was sparked by the mentioned EU initiative, interesting statistical data, the growing number of students studying in the external form compared to the daily option, and an increase of students from abroad. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the causes of these trends. Motivation of students is not researched in a systematic way in Slovakia, even though it is an important factor in a student’s decisionmaking process to study. Information was obtained by a questionnaire distributed to 105 students, evaluated using SPSS software and application of descriptive statistics.

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1 Acta Technologica Dubnicae

1 Slavia Meridionalis

1 Maťovčíková D.

1 Rozvadský Gugová G.

1 Аретов [Aretov] Н. N.

1 2020

1 2015

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Съвременниците на борбата за независима българска църква – за какво всъщност говорят те (Никола Сапунов и Иван Найденов)

Student Motivation in the 21stCentury – Slovak Experience