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A dynamic perspective on competition between traditional banking and banking fintechs

100%
Chrzanowski M., Dąbrowski I. K.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 2
1-14
EN
The emergence of innovative financial services is having a huge impact on competition in the banking services market. The aim of the article is to show, from a dynamic perspective, the foundations of a model of competition occurring in the banking world between traditional financial institutions and fintechs. A dynamic two-sector model of competition is proposed with built-in feedback mechanisms in the form of demand side economies of scale. The model shows changes in market shares after a challenger enters a bank’s market with a portfolio of services as substitutes for the bank’s product offer. The traditional and new entities do not adjust the scope of their products over time, instead competing using those already available. The model obtained three economically significant steady states. Further analysis of the time path showed that the sector is heading towards an oligopolistic market structure in which both entities stabilize their market shares. However, in the event of low initial market penetration by traditional banks, a new innovative entity (a challenger bank) will completely dominate the sector, creating a monopolistic market structure.
PL
Silna konkurencja ze strony fintechów ma ogromny wpływ na konkurencję na rynku usług bankowych. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie modelowych podstaw zachodzącej w świecie bankowości gry konkurencyjnej pomiędzy tradycyjnymi instytucjami finansowymi a fintechami w ujęciu dynamicznym. Zaproponowano dynamiczny dwusektorowy model konkurencji z wbudowanymi mechanizmami sprzężeń zwrotnych w postaci popytowych korzyści skali. Model pokazuje zmiany w udziałach w rynku po wejściu na rynek challenger banku z substytucyjnym dla oferty banku portfolio usług. Tradycyjni i nowi gracze nie korygują zakresu swoich ofert w czasie, a do konkurowania jedynie używają już posiadanych w ofercie produktów. W modelu uzyskano trzy sensowne ekonomicznie stany stacjonarne. Dalsza analiza ścieżki czasowej pokazała, że gałąź dąży do oligopolistycznej struktury rynkowej, w której oba podmioty ustabilizują swoje udziały w rynku. W przypadku jednak niskiej początkowej penetracji rynku przez banki tradycyjne nowy innowacyjny podmiot (challenger bank) całkowicie zdominuje gałąź, tworząc monopolistyczną strukturę rynkową.
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Development of new payment services and the role of the fintech sector during the COVID-19 pandemic

94%
Macierzyński W. Ł., Macierzyński M.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
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2023
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vol. 44
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issue 3
61-78
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present both theoretical and practical basis for development of payment services in Poland and in the whole world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over this time there was a sharp rise in e-commerce along with a fast growth of the number of consumers making online payments. This resulted in changes in adoption of new technologies and payment services. Apart from those which were the consequence of quickening the pace of change in the consumers’ behavior, a crucial role, especially in developing countries, was played by local regulators, who somehow forced financial institutions to create new solutions, which fintech readily made good use of. In numerous countries it fostered radical and groundbreaking quickening of the pace of shifting to electronic payments and creating a new sort of payment services, adjusted to the needs and expectations of younger consumers. Methodology: The paper uses the method of an economic analysis and literature review - mostly electronic sources, descriptive and comparative analyses. Findings: From customers’ perspective, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on development of new payment services should be acknowledged as positive, or even groundbreaking in some developing countries. Over the years 2020-2021 the number of customers making on-line payments, especially mobile payments, grew rapidly. This was the result of a fast, forced by pandemic, growth in sales in e-commerce. Consequently, it enabled to introduce and widely promote new financial services - based on open banking, and promoting solutions targeted at young consumers, e.g. deferred payments. Even though the pandemic is over, the interest rate rise and the consequences of the war in Ukraine are bound to bring further, dynamic development of such payment services, as well as their popularization on more and more new markets all over the world. Practical implications: The analysis of relations between theoretical and practical bases of widespread adoption of new solutions concerning on-line payments in the world during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important factor in the development of e-commerce market and financial services. The fact that digital forms of payments have become very common brought about the network effect, a situation when the value for the customer depends on the number of users of a particular solution. Due to that, poorer, developing countries could, making use of the solutions based on open banking and the technology provided by fintech, quickly popularize cashless, and electronic payments. Only a few years ago it was estimated that in the countries lacking the standard payment infrastructure it would take decades to reach this level. Also, in developed countries the pandemic contributed to popularization among young consumers of solutions adapted to their preferences, being an alternative to traditional credit cards. Deferred payments are a solution which is commonly used in e-commerce, and their main merits include increasing both conversion rates and average order value. However, it needs to be emphasized that this goes with a less flexible business model of the companies providing such services in high interest rate environment, as well as adverse consequences of broad access to such services. Many countries have observed a growth of customer debt - which effects both credit worthiness and problems to pay off rising debts. This results in imposing formal regulations on deferred payments markets more and more frequently.
3

A Factor Analysis of the Impact of Digitalisation on the Banking Industry

84%
Druhova V., Hirna O., Fostyak V.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2021
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issue 1(991)
9-22
EN
Objective: This paper examines the impact of digitalisation on the banking industry. Research done to date in the field has led to conclusions mainly in favour of digitalisation. Foremost among the positive arguments is that the quality of banking is improved, with customer service sped up; internal business processes are optimised; and the profitability and efficiency of banking are both boosted. We questioned these arguments and used factor analysis to examine the relationship between profitability, the share of problem bank loans and online payments in 87 countries. Research Design & Methods: Factor analysis, used to determine the correlation between different variables; retrospective analysis, which made it possible to analyse the data taking into account the factor of time; a systematic approach to identifying problem areas and drawing conclusions from the study. Findings: The results of the study showed digitalisation to have a negative impact on the indicators of banking activity analysed. Countries with a higher level of Internet use for payments have lower returns on banking assets and have a higher share of problem assets in their portfolios. Analysing data from 2014, we found the year to be somewhat of a turning point for banking. Banks were not as fully engaged with digital technologies and innovations. As a result, fintech companies quickly competed with banks and gained market share. Data from 2017 show a decrease in the impact of the share of payments made via the Internet on the return on bank assets. However, a comparison of 2014 and 2017 showed, on the contrary, a worsening of the impact of the relationships between the share of online payments and the quality of banks’ loan portfolios. Thus, in countries with a higher level of Internet use for payments, the riskiness of the banking business increases. Implications / Recommendations: It is therefore appropriate for banks to use digital technologies not only to increase sales and improve the quality of customer service but also to improve scoring and financial monitoring systems. Innovative AI and big data systems and customer identification allow for a better assessment of the borrower’s creditworthiness and potential risks. Attention should likewise be paid to improving the population’s financial literacy. Banks must also take responsibility for educating their customers through digital technology. Chatbots, which are now used primarily to increase sales and advise customers, can serve as a training format and draw attention to customers’ typical financial mistakes. In addition, chatbots can provide advice to customers on the profitable investment of free funds. Contribution: Digitalisation provides banks with considerable opportunities, while at the same time creating risks banks have not yet learned to deal with.
PL
Cel: W artykule dokonano analizy wpływu cyfryzacji na branżę bankową. Przeprowadzone dotychczas badania wskazują, że wpływ ten jest zazwyczaj pozytywny. Cyfryzacja przyczynia się przede wszystkim do: poprawy jakości usług bankowych i przyspieszenia obsługi klienta, optymalizacji wewnętrznych procesów biznesowych oraz zwiększenia rentowności i wydajności branży bankowej. Ustalenia te zakwestionowano i, wykorzystując analizę czynnikową, zbadano relacje między rentownością, udziałem pożyczek bankowych obarczonych ryzykiem i płatnościami online w 87 krajach. Metodyka badań: W badaniach zastosowano analizę czynnikową do określenia korelacji między różnymi zmiennymi, analizę retrospektywną, która umożliwiła analizę danych z uwzględnieniem czynnika czasu, oraz systematyczne podejście do identyfikacji obszarów problemowych i wyciągania wniosków z badań. Wyniki badań: Wykazano, że cyfryzacja ma negatywny wpływ na analizowane wskaźniki działalności bankowej. Kraje, które w większym stopniu wykorzystują internet w obsłudze płatności, mają niższe zwroty z aktywów bankowych i wyższy udział aktywów problematycznych w swoich portfelach. Analizując dane z 2014 r., stwierdzono, że rok ten stanowił dla branży bankowej punkt zwrotny. Banki nie wykorzystywały w pełni technologii cyfrowych i innowacji. W efekcie firmy fintechowe zaczęły konkurować z bankami i zdobywały udział w rynku. Dane z 2017 r. pokazują spadek w zakresie wpływu udziału płatności dokonywanych przez internet na rentowność aktywów bankowych. Porównanie danych z lat 2014 i 2017 prowadzi jednak do odmiennego wniosku dotyczącego relacji między udziałem płatności internetowych a jakością portfeli kredytowych banków. W krajach, które w większym stopniu wykorzystują internet do obsługi płatności, rośnie ryzyko banków. Wnioski: Banki powinny wykorzystywać technologie cyfrowe nie tylko do zwiększania sprzedaży i poprawy jakości obsługi klienta, ale także do ulepszania systemów scoringowych i monitoringu finansowego. Innowacyjne systemy AI i big data oraz identyfikacja klientów pozwalają na lepszą ocenę zdolności kredytowej i ryzyka. Należy również zwrócić uwagę na konieczność poszerzania wiedzy społeczeństwa o finansach. Banki muszą także wziąć odpowiedzialność za edukację swoich klientów za pomocą technologii cyfrowych. Chatboty, które obecnie wykorzystywane są przede wszystkim do zwiększania sprzedaży i doradztwa, mogą być stosowane w celach szkoleniowych i wskazywać na typowe błędy finansowe popełniane przez klientów. Ponadto chatboty mogą udzielać klientom porad dotyczących inwestowania z zyskiem wolnych środków. Wkład w rozwój dyscypliny: Cyfryzacja daje bankom duże możliwości, ale jednocześnie stwarza ryzyko, z którym nie nauczyły się one jeszcze sobie radzić.
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Problem solving approach to an electronic payment service in e-government on the example of ZUS (Payment-as-a-Service)

84%
Górka J.
Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka
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2021
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issue 4
119-142
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja w ujęciu problemowym usługi elektronicznych płatności w e-administracji na przykładzie projektu Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, którego odpowiednie przygotowanie, wdrożenie i utrzymanie są warunkiem spełnienia wymagań instytucji oraz jej klientów. Realizacja projektu e-płatności komponuje się ze Strategią Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych na lata 2021–2025. W artykule porównano atrybuty przygotowywanej w ZUS usługi e-płatności z atrybutami podobnych usług e-płatności świadczonych w polskiej administracji publicznej i w wybranych krajach europejskich. Ponadto analizowany jest model usługi (od strony ZUS i klienta), proces przygotowania do jej uruchomienia, profil ryzyka e-płatności ZUS i wybrane kwestie problemowe wdrożenia. Owe aspekty badane są z zastosowaniem następujących metod badawczych: analizy danych zastanych, ankiety, case study, obserwacji uczestniczącej, heurystyki myślenia lateralnego. Artykuł ma charakter praktyczny i przedstawia proces przygotowania do wdrożenia usługi e-płatności w administracji publicznej w formule Payment-as-a-Service.
EN
By adopting a problem solving approach, the paper aims to present the electronic payment service in e-government on the example of the Social Insurance Institution project (Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, ZUS), the proper preparation, implementation and maintenance of which are the condition for meeting the requirements of the institution and its customers. The e-payment project connects with the Social Insurance Institution’s Strategy for 2021−2025. The article compares the attributes of the e-payment service prepared at ZUS with the attributes of similar e-payment services provided in the Polish public administration and in selected European countries. Moreover, the paper analyses the model of the service (from the perspective of ZUS and the customer), the process of preparing for its launch, ZUS e-payment risk profile and selected problems accompanying the potential service roll-out. All these aspects are examined using the following research methods: desk research, a survey, a case study, participant observation, lateral thinking heuristics. The paper has a practical character and presents the process of preparation for the roll-out of the e-payment service in public administration in the Payment-as-a-Service formula.
5
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Usługi finansowe w dobie cyfryzacji - aspekty prawne a tendencje socjodemograficzne

84%
Wachnicka A.
Przegląd Ustawodawstwa Gospodarczego
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2019
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issue 4
9-15
EN
Technological progress and social-demographic changes lead to substantial reshaping of the financial market. The article presents social-demographic and technological conditions in terms of opportunities and challenges facing the financial market. Furthermore the article analyses legal aspects of the technological changes on the financial market, both in termsof the entities functioning on the market as well as of the consumers of the financial services.
PL
Postęp technologiczny oraz zmiany socjodemograficzne prowadzą do istotnego przemodelowania krajobrazu na rynku finansowym. Artykuł przedstawia problematykę uwarunkowań socjodemograficznych i technologicznych w aspekcie szans i wyzwań dla instytucji finansowych oraz analizuje aspekty prawne technologicznych przemian na rynku finansowym z punktu widzenia zarówno podmiotów na nim funkcjonujących, jak i konsumentów usług finansowych.
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Safeguarding Its Way to Security or Not – Should Fintech Become a Bank(Tech)?

84%
Pawlak K.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
|
2023
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vol. 3
|
issue 39
53-69
PL
Cel artykułu/hipoteza. Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie trendu uzyskiwania licencji bankowych przez firmy fintech, które podważają tradycyjną korzyść związaną z nieposiadaniem statusu instytucji bankowych. Badanie to analizuje dwie hipotezy: H1 – Licencje bankowe przynoszą więcej możliwości niż zagrożeń dla firm fintech,H2 – Uzyskanie licencji pozytywnie wpływa na ich rentowność. Metodyka. Badanie wykorzystuje przegląd literatury i stosuje metodologię analizy Portera w celu oceny implikacji strategicznych licencji bankowych dla firm fintech. Przeprowadzana jest analiza finansowa trzech wybranych firm, uwzględniając wielkość kapitalizacji rynkowej, czas uzyskania licencji bankowej i różnorodność geograficzną. Analizowane są wskaźniki rentowności (ROE i ROA) przed i po uzyskaniu licencji. Wyniki/Rezultaty badania. Firmy fintech posiadające licencje bankowe doświadczają więcej możliwości niż zagrożeń, co potwierdza analiza Portera. Jednak tylko jedna na trzy analizowane firmy natychmiast poprawiła wskaźniki rentowności po uzyskaniu licencji. Wnioskiem jest, że uzyskanie licencji bankowej otwiera możliwości rozwoju dla firm fintech, ale natychmiastowa poprawa rentowności nie jest gwarantowana. Pojawiają się dodatkowe wymagania i wyzwania obserwowane przy przejściu do sektora bankowego. Badanie rozpoznaje ograniczenia i sugeruje dalsze badania w celu potwierdzenia i rozszerzenia tych wyników w zmieniającej się rzeczywistosci w jakiej funkcjonuje fintech.
EN
The purpose of the article. This article explores the trend of fintech firms obtaining banking licenses, challenging their traditional advantage of not being banking institutions. It investigates two hypotheses: H1 – Banking licenses bring more opportunities than threats for fintech companies;H2 – Obtaining licenses positively impacts their profitability. Methodology. The study utilizes the literature review and applies Porter’s Five Forces methodology to assess the strategic implications of banking licenses for fintech firms. Financial analysis is conducted on three selected companies based on market capitalization, banking license timeline, and geographical diversification. Profitability ratios (ROE and ROA) are analyzed before and after obtaining the license. Results of the research. Fintech firms with banking licenses experience more opportunities than threats, as confirmed by Porter’s analysis. However, only one out of three analysed companies immediately improved profitability ratios after obtaining the license. In conclusion, obtaining banking licenses opens growth opportunities for fintech firms, but immediate profitability improvements are not guaranteed. Additional requirements and challenges arise during the transition to a banking area. The study acknowledges limitations and suggests further research to confirm and expand these findings in the evolving fintech landscape.
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FinTech – A Step Ahead or a Force of Creative Destruction in Finance

83%
Pasterny Z.
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
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2021
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vol. 2
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issue 30
87-102
EN
The purpose of the article/hypothesis. This article aims to introduce the concept of creative destruction in relation to transformative solutions in finance based on the example of FinTech and innovative technologies with special emphasis on blockchain and cloud computing. As a means to reach its objective this paper analyzes in depth the concept of creative destruction originated by Schumpeter in 1940s and translates it to modern business financial environment to present the reader with double-sided effects of introduced changes, their unique and unprecedented character both from the perspective of FinTech and traditional financials intermediares. Methodology. In order to research the effects of innovations on the financial markets the critical study of the foreign literature will be conducted. Results of the research. The conducted considerations displayed a parallel between innovations introduced by FinTech and actions undertaken by traditional financial institutions in order to remain strong players on the financial market. Even though solutions provided by start-ups may debilitate gained trust, which is one of the fundamental cores of finance, and raise questions related to breach of established regulations, they support the market with increased efficiency and variability of products and services. However, it can be easily perceived that advantages of introduced solutions outweigh possible dangers, and financial intermediaries, especially banks, decide to operate on the basis of the enagament model that supposes a synergy with start-up to blend favourable aspects of both of them including banks’ well-established repute and trust along with FinTech’s innovative potential.
8
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Sztuczna inteligencja w innowacjach fi nansowych – aspekty prawne i regulacyjne

83%
Rojszczak M.
|
2020
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vol. 9
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issue 2
61-77
PL
Celem artykułu jest przeanalizowanie prawnych konsekwencji wdrażania nowoczesnych technik przetwarzania danych, w szczególności uczenia maszynowego oraz analizy dużych zbiorów danych (Big Data) w sektorze innowacji finansowych (fintech). Techniki te stanowią nie tylko tworzą nowe możliwości monetaryzacji danych po stronie podmiotów funkcjonujących w sektorze finansowym, lecz także ujawniają nowe wyzwania regulacyjne i nadzorcze.
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Artificial intelligence algorithms and cloud computing technologies in blockchain-based fintech management

71%
Lăzăroiu G., Bogdan M., Geamănu M., Hurloiu L., Luminița L., Ștefănescu R.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2023
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vol. 14
|
issue 3
707-730
EN
Research background: Fintech development shapes corporate investment efficiency and economic growth with innovative tools, and can decrease financing constraints of enterprises, enabling direct and indirect financing and furthering inter-bank competition. Crowdfunding- and blockchain-based fintech operations harness deep and maching learning algorithms, augmented and virtual reality technologies, and big data analytics in mobile payment transactions. Purpose of the article: We show that fintechs have reconfigured financial service delivery by harnessing AI-based data-driven algorithms and cloud and blockchain technologies. Fintech optimizes financial organization and services, economic structures and growth, data analysis, and digital banking performance.  Machine learning algorithms can streamline payment operation capabilities and process promptness, ensuring smooth operational flows, assessing risks, and detecting frauds and money laundering by historical data and customer behavior analysis across instant payment networks and infrastructures. Methods: Quality tools: AXIS, Eppi-Reviewer, PICO Portal, and SRDR. Search period: July 2023. Search terms: “fintech” + “artificial intelligence algorithms”, “cloud computing technologies”, and “blockchain technologies”. Selected sources: 40 out of 195. Published research inspected: 2023. Data visualization tools: Dimensions and VOSviewer. Reporting quality assessment tool: PRISMA. Findings & value added: Fintech development enables organizational innovation by mitigating information asymmetry and financing limitations while providing financial assistance and tax incentives in relation to products and services. The fintech growth has influenced the dynamic intermediary function of financial institutions in terms of sustainability and economic development. Fintech and natural resources negatively influence, while green innovations and financial development further, environmental sustainability.
10
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Big data management algorithms in artificial Internet of Things-based fintech

71%
Andronie M., Iatagan M., Uță C., Hurloiu I., Dijmărescu A., Dijmărescu I.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2023
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vol. 14
|
issue 3
769-793
EN
Research background: Fintech companies should optimize banking sector performance in assisting enterprise financing as a result of firm digitalization. Artificial IoT-based fintech-based digital transformation can relevantly reverse credit resource misdistribution brought about by corrupt relationship chains. Purpose of the article: We aim to show that fintech can decrease transaction expenses and consolidates firm stock liquidity, enabling excess leverage decrease and cutting down information asymmetry and transaction expenses across capital markets. AI- and IoT-based fintechs enable immersive and collaborative financial transactions, purchases, and investments in relation to payment tokens and metaverse wallets, managing financial data, infrastructure, and value exchange across shared interactive virtual 3D and simulated digital environments. Methods: AMSTAR is a comprehensive critical measurement tool harnessed in systematic review methodological quality evaluation, DistillerSR is harnessed in producing accurate and transparent evidence-based research through literature review stage automation, MMAT appraises and describes study checklist across systematic mixed studies reviews in terms of content validity and methodological quality predictors, Rayyan is a responsive and intuitive knowledge synthesis tool and cloud-based architecture for article inclusion and exclusion suggestions, and ROBIS appraises systematic review bias risk in relation to relevance and concerns. As a reporting quality assessment tool, the PRISMA checklist and flow diagram, generated by a Shiny App, was used. As bibliometric visualization and construction tools for large datasets and networks, Dimensions and VOSviewer were leveraged. Search terms were “fintech” + “artificial intelligence”, “big data management algorithms”, and “Internet of Things”, search period was June 2023, published research inspected was 2023, and selected sources were 35 out of 188. Findings & value added: The growing volume of financial products and optimized operational performance of financial industries generated by fintech can provide firms with multifarious financing options quickly. Big data-driven fintech innovations are pivotal in banking and capital markets in relation to financial institution operational efficiency. Through data-driven technological and process innovation capabilities, AI system-based businesses can further automated services.
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The Potential of Developing Complex and Unique Fintech Solutions in Kraków’s Business Services Centres

71%
Głowacki J.
Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance
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2021
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issue 2(56)
53-66
EN
The development of the concept of the Internet of Things and Internet of Services solutions gave rise to changes in the financial sector, especially in the area of Fintech. The aim of this article is to assess the potential for the development of Fintech solutions in outsourcing and offshoring firms operating in Krakow. The manuscript contains an analysis of a survey conducted among the employees of Krakow’s branches of business services centres carried out in order to determine the relationship between the technological changes that have occurred in companies in the last 5 years and the complexity and uniqueness of the services provided. The results of the analysis show that BSC companies in Krakow have a high potential to develop services in the field of new financial technologies. Research has shown a significant relationship between the technological changes that have occurred in the last 5 years in the BSC sector and the complexity and uniqueness of the services provided by this sector. Research results may be important for public authorities, which should support the development and embedding of BSCs through a number of activities.
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Has the pandemic changed the relationships between fintechs and banks?

71%
BĘDOWSKA-SÓJKA B., KLIBER A., LAIDROO L.
Operations Research and Decisions
|
2023
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vol. 33
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issue 4
15-33
XX
We examine the impact of COVID-19 on the banking and fintech sectors based on the relationships of the respective stock indices from December 2017 to April 2022. We analyse dynamic correlations within multivariate GARCH models and relationships in tails with the quantile coherency approach. Returns of fintech and banks dropped simultaneously at the beginning of the pandemic, but the analysis of cumulative returns and draw-downs reveals that the former recovered faster. Banks and fintechs experienced sharp declines together and fintech experienced extreme growth during the downfalls in the banking sector. However, the latter relationship disappears when we analyze only the banks from the USA and Eurozone. Thus, integrating with fintech may be especially beneficial for banks outside those regions. The ability of fintech to resurface and continue to grow demonstrates its importance in the financial system and confirms the shift toward a digital economy in financial markets.
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Prospects for introducing the concept of “digital things” and “digital content”: expanding the scope of regulation of virtual assets

71%
Hrytsai S.
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
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2023
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vol. 2(38)
7-25
EN
The lack of a legal framework did not prevent Ukraine from ranking third among the world leaders in the use of cryptocurrencies in 2022. In terms of the sum of indicators, Ukraine is ahead of such tech giants as the United States (5th place), China (10th place), and the United Kingdom (17th place). The purpose of the study is to identify the underlying principles for the introduction of a new legal definition of “digital things” and “digital content” and their prospects for use, which are laid down in draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, as initiatives that are satellites to the relevant law on virtual assets. As a reminder, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine “On Virtual Assets” No. 2074-IX on February 17, 2022. Since the adoption of Law 2074 by the Parliament of Ukraine on February 17, 2022 and until the period of 2023, significant events have taken place. They have significantly affected the plans of the Parliament of Ukraine to launch mandatory amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine provided for in the Draft Law 7150 and simultaneously enact Law 2074 from October 1, 2022. The study was based on the analysis of the legislative framework of Ukraine, the European Union and other international acts, including those ratified by the Parliament of Ukraine. The study has led to a number of conclusions. Draft Law No. 6447 introduces the definition of a “digital thing” that is in circulation only in digital form; these include virtual assets, digital content, online accounts, money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Its adoption will help potential consumers to protect their rights to digital content, online accounts, virtual assets, even money and securities that exist exclusively in digital form. Comparing the concepts of “digital thing” and “digital content” proposed by draft laws No. 6447 and No. 6576, we found signs of legal tautology in determining what is primary and what is secondary. The addition of the words “digital content” to Article 177 of the Civil Code and the expansion of the concept of a thing to “material and digital things” is at least more declarative.
14
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Has the pandemic changed the relationships between fintechs and banks?

71%
Będowska-Sójka B., Kliber A., Laidroo L.
Operations Research and Decisions
|
2023
|
vol. 33
|
issue 4
EN
We examine the impact of COVID-19 on the banking and fintech sectors based on the relationships of the respective stock indices from December 2017 to April 2022. We analyse dynamic correlations within multivariate GARCH models and relationships in tails with the quantile coherency approach. Returns of fintech and banks dropped simultaneously at the beginning of the pandemic, but the analysis of cumulative returns and draw-downs reveals that the former recovered faster. Banks and fintechs experienced sharp declines together and fintech experienced extreme growth during the downfalls in the banking sector. However, the latter relationship disappears when we analyze only the banks from the USA and Eurozone. Thus, integrating with fintech may be especially beneficial for banks outside those regions. The ability of fintech to resurface and continue to grow demonstrates its importance in the financial system and confirms the shift toward a digital economy in financial markets.
15
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Procesy migracji wartości w polskim sektorze bankowym

67%
Siciński J.
Bezpieczny Bank
|
2019
|
vol. 75
|
issue 2
74-91
EN
This article presents value migration phenomenon with attempt to indicate its stage for polish banking sector. Study was based on banks which are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The general overview of literature gave the possibility to evaluate performance of selected value migration indicators – it was a crucial to perform own empirical study. Performed studies reveal that polish banking sector is in stabilization stage with likely symptoms of long-term value outflow. Character of computed statistic measures clearly shows that there is no inflow of new value to polish banking sector. Moreover, this paper contains an attempt to create expected business model of value-inflow oriented financial institution of the future.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono istotę migracji wartości (ang. value migration) oraz podjęto próbę oznaczenia jej faz dla polskiego sektora bankowym. W tym celu wykorzystano zbiorowość banków notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. Przegląd literatury pozwolił na ocenę przydatności różnych technik pomiaru migracji wartości a następnie wybór optymalnej metody analizy danych dla badanych banków.dostępnych z punktu widzenia dostępnych danych a następnie jej aplikację empiryczną na wytypowaną zbiorowość banków. Interpretacja wyników wskazuje, że procesy migracji wartości w badanej grupie banków są co zasady typowe dla fazy stabilizacji z symptomami jej odpływu. Stwierdzone częstości i statystyki opisowe sugerują, że nie obserwuje się napływu nowej wartości do sektora bankowego w Polsce. Artykuł uwzględnia również aspekt spodziewanych kierunków przepływu wartości w sektorze bankowym. Wreszcie zawiera zarys modelu biznesowego instytucji finansowej przyszłości, do której wartość będzie prawdopodobnie napływać.
16
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Digital society and the information age: challenges and threats for man, business and the state

60%
Reshetnikova N.
Reality of Politics
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2021
|
issue 17
145-154
EN
The scientific article covers the problem of the digital transformation impact on the state, individuals, business and society in Russia and the world. An overview of the concept of «digital economy» by leading world experts is given. The authors concluded that, despite all the positive aspects of the transition to the digital economy, the market faces many risks. All of this affects national and global security.
17
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Bank a FinTech – konkurencja czy współpraca?

60%
Świeszczak K.
Bezpieczny Bank
|
2019
|
vol. 76
|
issue 3
146-159
EN
The changing financial needs of customers, and rapid development of information technology in recent years have been very important determinants of changes taking place in the financial world. This also applies to the banking sector, for which more and more developed entities implementing technological innovations in process of financial services (FinTech) mean the need to take steps to continue their existing banking operations. In this sense, the existence of businesses whose activity is an alternative to banks (at least in selected areas of economic activity) may, on the one hand, mean a threat, and on the other a chance for banks, provided appropriate measures are taken to respond to the dynamically changing environment. The aim of this publication is to analyze the relationship between FinTech entities and banks, with particular reference to possible scenarios for the development of the banking sector based on past observations.
PL
Zmieniające się potrzeby finansowe klientów oraz dynamiczny rozwój technologii informatycznych w ostatnich latach były bardzo istotnymi determinantami przemian, jakie zachodzą w świecie finansów. Dotyczy to również sektora bankowego, dla którego coraz częściej tworzone podmioty implementujące innowacje technologiczne w procesach związanych ze świadczeniem usług finansowych (FinTech) oznaczają konieczność podjęcia działań pozwalających na kontynuowanie dotychczasowej działalności bankowej. W tym sensie fakt istnienia przedsiębiorstw, których działalność stanowi alternatywę dla banków (przynajmniej w wybranych obszarach prowadzonej aktywności gospodarczej) może z jednej strony oznaczać zagrożenie, zaś z drugiej szansę dla banków, pod warunkiem przedsięwzięcia odpowiednich kroków będących reakcją na dynamicznie zmieniające się otoczenie. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest analiza relacji zachodzących pomiędzy podmiotami należącymi do sektora FinTech oraz bankami, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwych scenariuszy rozwoju sektora bankowego w oparciu o dotychczasowego obserwacje.
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