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1
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‘KRAB’ – new capabilities of the Polish Armed Forces

100%
Swietochowski N., Rewak D.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
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2018
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vol. 50
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issue 2(188)
141-161
EN
The implementation of 155 mm self-propelled howitzers ‘Krab’ into the Missile and Artillery Forces significantly improve their capabilities. Apart the howitzer, the battalion fire module ‘Regina’ consists of specialized command, reconnaissance, support and ammunition vehicles. The caliber of the howitzer adjusted to NATO standards allows for the application of the common ammunition, including precision-guided, with the range up to 40 km, which will enable striking the important targets in the enemy’s rear combat zone. An artillery battalion (battery) equipped with the self-propelled howitzer ‘Krab’ owing to usage of the precision-guided munitions during the engagement will gain unprecedented capabilities with regards to impacting a target. Moreover, the battalion will be able to successfully fulfill tasks, which until recently could be executed by a general-military commander with the support of anti-tank reserves, tank subunits, special forces or tactical surface-to-surface missiles. The paper proposes organizational structures of the ‘Krab’ artillery battalion, variants of order of battle and methods of fire tasks execution.
2
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A New Dimension of the Polish Artillery Capabilities Upgrade Determinants

63%
Malinowski P.
Safety & Defense
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2022
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vol. 2
EN
Artillery and its firepower are still an important element in land tactical activities, which is once again being proven by the current conflict in Eastern Europe. However, two distinct approaches to using its fire capabilities are discernible. One approach views artillery as a precise means of destruction, similar to a sniper with significant firepower and range. The other approach considers artillery fire a weapon of destruction similar to a hammer or a road roller, destroying everything in its path without any selectivity of fire. In the face of such perspectives, the considerations set forth in the following article focus on the former of the presented approaches to using artillery and the determinants that will ensure the implementation of such an approach in the form of the new capabilities of modernized Polish artillery. The presented content results from comparative analyses and observations focused on the needs and effects of artillery use, and factors that are important in its effective operation on the modern battlefield.
3
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Field Artillery in the defensive war of Ukraine 2022-2023. Part I, Combat potential, tasks and tactics

63%
Świętochowski N.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
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2023
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vol. 55
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issue 4(210)
341-358
PL
24 lutego 2022 r. Federacja Rosyjska dokonała bezprawnej agresji zbrojnej na Ukrainę, rozpoczynając największy konflikt zbrojny w Europie od czasów II wojny światowej. Obydwie strony zaangażowały w wojnie wojska rakietowe i artylerię, które stały się zasadniczym środkiem wsparcia ogniowego wojsk lądowych z powodu ograniczeń w użyciu lotnictwa. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie potencjału, zadań i taktyki artylerii wykorzystanej w wojnie ukraińskiej w latach 2022-2023. Przedmiotem badań są wojska rakietowe i artyleria stron walczących, a przede wszystkim ich organizacja, uzbrojenie, zadania i założenia taktyczne. Autor sformułował następujące pytania problemowe: Jaki był potencjał bojowy artylerii walczących stron na początku i w trakcie konfliktu? Jakie zadania stawiane są przed artylerią w toczonej wojnie? Jaka taktyka stosowana jest przez artylerię stron walczących w odpowiedzi na zmieniające się uwarunkowania w wojnie? Dokonane analizy Autor, jako wieloletni teoretyk i praktyk artylerii, oparł w dużej mierze na własnych obserwacjach i wnioskach, które sformułował podczas wieloletnich badań naukowych i udziale w ćwiczeniach wojskowych z artylerią, wywiadach przeprowadzonych z oficerami ukraińskimi a także najnowszych opracowaniach i dokumentach wydanych przez opiniotwórcze ośrodki badawcze. Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi część pierwszą pracy, w której przedstawiono potencjał bojowy, zadania i taktykę artylerii Ukrainy i Federacji Rosyjskiej. W drugiej części zostanie zaprezentowany sposób wykorzystania artylerii w poszczególnych fazach wojny i zmiany, jakie w niej zaszły w wyniku uzyskanych doświadczeń bojowych.
EN
On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation carried out an unlawful armed aggression against Ukraine, starting the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II. In the course of hostilities, both sides deployed missile troops and artillery, which became essential means of fire support for ground troops due to restrictions in the use of air force and army aviaton. The aim of the article is to present the potential, tasks and tactics of the field artillery used in the Ukrainian war in the years 2022-2023. The subject of research is missile troops and artillery of the combatants. Primarily their organisation, armament, tasks and tactical assumptions. The author formulated the following questions: What was the combat potential of the warring parties’ artillery at the beginning and during the conflict? What tasks are set for the artillery in the ongoing war? What tactics are used by the artillery of the warring parties in response to changing conditions during the war? The author, as a long-term theoretician and practitioner of field artillery, based the analyses made largely on his own observations and conclusions, which he formulated during many years of scientific research and participation in military exercises involving artillery, interviews with Ukrainian officers, as well as the latest studies and documents issued by opinion-forming research centres. This study is the first part of the work which presents the combat potential, tasks and tactics of the artillery of Ukraine and the Russian Federation. In the second part the use of the artillery in individual phases of the war and the changes that occurred as a result of the combat experience obtained will be presented.
4
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Modernization of the Missile Forces and Artillery

63%
Swietochowski N., Rewak D.
Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces
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2019
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vol. 51
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issue 1(191)
48-68
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy i oceny aktualnych możliwości Wojsk Rakietowych i Artylerii Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (SZ RP) oraz roli, jaką artyleria powinna odgrywać w warunkach współczesnego pola walki. Przedstawiając stan obecny oraz programy modernizacyjne wskazano najważniejsze obszary koniecznych zmian oraz kierunków modernizacji, prowadzących do znaczącego podniesienia potencjału bojowego artylerii. Analizę oparto o wnioski i doświadczenie uzyskane z ostatnich konfliktów zbrojnych, a zwłaszcza wojny na wschodzie Ukrainy, gdzie artyleria odgrywała główną rolę we wsparciu ogniowym. Artyleria pozostaje relatywnie tanim, wysoce skutecznym i najbardziej dostępnym środkiem wsparcia ogniowego w SZ RP, a jej modernizacja i dostosowanie do standardów NATO pozwoli na poważne zwiększenie potencjału bojowego wojsk lądowych SZ RP.
EN
The article analyses and assesses current capabilities of the Missile Forces and Artillery of the Polish Armed Forces as well as a role which should be played by artillery in conditions of a contemporary battlefield. By addressing a current state and modernization programs, the most principal areas of indispensable adaptations and directions for modernization aiming at significant increasing of artillery’s combat capabilities have been indicated. The analysis is based on conclusions and expertise gained during resent armed conflicts, particularly from the war in eastern Ukraine, where artillery played a crucial role in fire support. Artillery remains a relatively inexpensive, highly efficient and the most available means of fire support in the Polish Armed Forces, and its modernization and adaptation to NATO standards will considerably increase the combat potential the Polish Land Forces.
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