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Violence Resembling Terrorism: Adaptive Challenges and Technical Problems in First Responder Collaboration

100%
Ihatsu T.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
|
2021
|
vol. 37(37)
94-122
EN
In situations that involve violence resembling terrorism (VRT), flexible management and collaboration between authorities are the keys to successful operations. As previous researches have stated, poor communication and poor procedures are the main challenges. All challenges should be divided into adaptive challenges and technical problems, in order to gradually help the first responders to conquer them. If their differences are not recognised, first responders tend to try and solve adaptive challenges wrongly by using technical measures. In this paper, the selected incidents are examined through a multiple-case study. The findings are tied to Heifetz, Grashow, and Linsky’s model of adaptive challenges and technical problems. It is concluded that without adequate training and guidelines, first responders tend to maintain old practices, which can compromise the efficiency and safety of rescue operations.
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European Commission Recommended Procedures for First Responders in a Terrorist Attack Involving Ionising Radiation

88%
Grasza M., Wojtas W., Bugaj G., Wilk K., Bijak M.
Internal Security
|
2017
|
vol. 9(1)
71-84
EN
The use of any of the four types of CBRN weapons in various acts of terrorism could lead to undermining economic stability, public security and the integrity of the European Union. Recent attacks in Europe have shown once again that home-made explosives and firearms remain the weapon of choice for terrorists. Despite the fact that, so far, there has not been any terrorist attack using a dirty bomb, one which combines radioactive material with conventional explosives, according to the European Parliament briefing terrorists from ISIL/Da’esh in their future attacks may use non-conventional weapons, and the most probable of these is the use of an improvised explosive device containing radioactive materials. This type of attack could potentially lead to severe consequences for large number of people. Such consequences can be significantly reduced thanks to properly prepared and exercised emergency response procedures for first responders. The aim of this article is to present first response procedures in the case of terrorist incidents with ionising radiation. These procedures are based on a specially prepared TMT Handbook which contains the collective views of an international group of experts in the radiological and nuclear field. These procedures are also recommended and presented by the European Commission during the training courses it organises in cooperation with experts from Member States. Furthermore, these procedures have been modified and adapted according to our practical experience and the legislative procedures currently in force in Poland.
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