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EN
The article is an analysis of the poetry of Gisella Lachman (1895–1969), poet of the “first wave” of Russian emigration, from the perspective of the poetics of space. The poet expressed her emigration experience (multiple changes of residence: Russia, Germany, Switzerland, USA) in her poems in spatial relations. They appear on different levels of the works’ morphology: in the construction of the lyrical “I”, in the organisation of the presented world, in the repertoire of motifs and the selection of poetic lexis and genre forms. Space plays a literal role in Lachman’s poetry; it is a representation of extra-literary reality, seen subjectively. It is also subject to metaphorisation, becoming a tool for expressing philosophical content. The poet creates not only a spatial model of the world, but also a spatial model of human life, which she perceives as a transit on the road to eternity.
EN
Thanatological considerationsin the novel Bad Eternity by Georgii Peskov The literary pseudonym Georgii Peskov belonged to Elena Deisha, the representative of the “younger generation” of the writers of the first wave of the Russian emigration, the author of the novel Bad Eternity (1932). The story primarily focuses on thanatological considerations, which are conducted from a range of perspectives: one of those is the issue of suicide, treated as a victory over death; another one is the question of immortality — the librarian is truly obsessed about being immortal; some attention is also drawn to the problem of ageing as a phenomenon closely related to dying; finally, an act of murder is committed. Considering the thematic ideology, the issue is mentioned of the extinction of the European civilization. Georgii Peskov’s artistic thanatology was strongly influenced by the overall spirits of the era as well as the philosophical considerations expressed by Oswald Spengler, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Vladimir Solovyov.
PL
Problematyka tanatologicznaw opowieści Zła wieczność Gieorgija Pieskowa Pod pseudonimem Gieorgij Pieskow ukrywała się Elena Dejsza, przedstawicielka „młodszego pokolenia” pisarzy pierwszej fali emigracji rosyjskiej, autorka opowieści Zła wieczność (1932). W utworze istotne miejsce zajmuje problematyka tanatologiczna. Rozpatrywana jest ona w różnych aspektach: poruszany jest tu problem samobójstwa, odbieranego jako zwycięstwo nad śmiercią; sporo miejsca poświęca się immortologii — bibliotekarz ma obsesję na punkcie nieśmiertelności; zwraca się także uwagę na starzenie się jako zjawisko towarzyszące umieraniu; dokonuje się też zabójstwa. W sferze ideowo-tematycznej poruszany jest problem zagłady cywilizacji europejskiej. Na tanatologię artystyczną Gieorgija Pieskowa wpływ miały ogólne nastroje epoki oraz rozważania filozoficzne Oswalda Spenglera, Artura Schopenhauera i Władimira Sołowiowa.
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