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EN
This work deals with the construction of relatives and cleft clauses that follow a demonstrative pronoun in French. It examines their mode of acquisition of meaning and reference, either by referential increase obtained by predicative interactions and lexical meaning, or by the process of focusing on a referent in the situation or context. We show that the original pronoun ce is no longer demonstrative in all these structures, and how the various demonstratives are used in actual French in those contexts.
FR
Ce travail examine le fonctionnement des pronoms démonstratifs neutres du français devant les subordinnées de type relatif. Il montre les différences de comportement de ce par rapport aux formes cela, ceci, ça , en détaillant les modes d'acquisition du sens et de la référence de ces termes, et établit que ce  est un pronom défini non démonstratif, avec des évolutions dans les usages.
EN
The paper aims to define the concept of “felt sense”, introduced in psychology and psychotherapy by E. T. Gendlin, in order to clarify its relation to bodily sensations and its difference from emotions. Gendlin’s own definition, according to which the felt sense is a conceptually vague bodily feeling with implicit meaning, is too general for this task. Gendlin’s definition is specified by pointing out, first, the different layers of awareness of bodily feelings and, second, the difference between bodily readiness for action and motivation for action. According to the more precise definition, the felt sense is the awareness of readiness to act carried by the configuration of bodily sensations. The felt sense differs from emotions because it is not able to motivate the action for which it makes us ready. The article also discusses the intuition that led to the founding of Gendlin’s psychotherapeutic technique and compares it with the psychoanalytic concept of working through resistance during therapy.
CS
Cílem článku je vymezit pojem „pociťovaný smysl“, který do psychologie a psychoterapie zavedl E. T. Gendlin, tak aby se objasnil jeho vztah k tělesným počitkům a jeho odlišnost od emocí. Gendlinova vlastní definice, podle níž je pociťovaný smysl pojmově vágním tělesným pocitem s implicitním významem, je pro tento úkol příliš obecná. Gendlinova definice je v článku upřesněna poukazem jednak na různé vrstvy vědomí tělesných pocitů, jednak na rozdíl mezi tělesnou přípravou k jednání a motivací k jednání. Podle upřesněné definice je pociťovaný smysl vědomím připravenosti k jednání nesené konfigurací tělesných počitků. Proti emocím se liší tím, že jednání, na které připravuje, není schopen sám motivovat. Článek též rozebírá intuici, která vedla Gendlina k založení vlastní psychoterapeutické techniky, a srovnává ji s psychoanalytickým pojetím propracování odporu během terapie.
EN
In two acoustic sentence recognition experiments the relative importance of recognition times (from 0 to 40 seconds) and relationships between the target sentence and test sentences was varied. Hungarian promised to be a good testing ground for traditional theories that claim that while form is readily forgotten, sentence meaning is preserved. In Hungarian, the informational structure of sentences allows for clear contrasts between neutral and meaning related order variations. In the stimulus material target sentences were compared in recognition scores with identical, neutral word order, paraphrased and focused sentence pairs. The results partly supported our starting hypotheses, but at the same time they have shown that the intricacies of Hungarian sentential syntax call for a more reserved and more carefully qualified expression of the initial proposals of Sachs (1967) and Johnson-Laird and Stevenson (1970). Focused sentences we are clearly in contrast with non-focused initial targets even after 40 seconds. Therefore it seems that the information structure is somehow maintained in the long term memory system for sentences in Hungarian. In accordance with the classical results, the meanings of neutral word order variations are misrecognized in about 60 percent after 16 seconds already. Contrary to our hypothesis, even after 40 seconds, paraphrases were correctly recognized more than 60 percent of the time. Thus, to clarify the cross-linguistic validity of memorial paraphrase equivalence more types of sentential paraphrases should be compared. The studies supported the main ideas underlying the experiments: the informational structure of the Hungarian sentence seems to be retained in long term memory, unlike neutral word order variations. This finding calls for a more detailed study with more varied stimulus materials to clarify some further issues of what is ‘form’ and what is ‘meaning’ for the memory system.
EN
The study aims to present creative strategies of several audio performances created between the years 2019 and 2022 in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the author seeks to describe the audio performances on the basis of her own spectatorial experience and to explore their effect on the viewer from the perspective of Cognitive Science and Psychology. The author first introduces the phenomenon of audio performance and demonstrates that audio strategies based on the predisposition of the auditory system offer strong suggestion and emotionality. She outlines three strategies: (1) stimulation through ASMR using the tactile quality of hearing; (2) focusing one's attention on one's own body through the inner observer and focusing techniques; and (3) expanding consciousness through perspective shifting. In all three of these, she finds a significant relaxing effect with therapeutic potential, as well as an educational function regarding perception which targets an experience of a specific generation. Evocation of one's own experience, which the author seeks to defend within the theatrical field, plays an important role in the text.
CS
Autorka studie si klade za cíl představit tvůrčí strategie několika audioperformancí vzniklých mezi lety 2019–2022 v českém divadelním kontextu, popsat je na základě vlastního diváckého prožitku a prozkoumat jejich účinek na diváka z perspektivy kognitivních věd a psychologie. Autorka nejprve představuje fenomén audioperformance a ukazuje, že audio strategie vycházející z predispozic sluchového smyslu nabízí silnou sugesci a emocionalitu. Detekuje postupně tři strategie: 1. stimulace prostřednictvím ASMR s využitím hmatové kvality sluchu, 2. zaměření pozornosti na vlastní tělo prostřednictvím technik vnitřního pozorovatele a focusingu, 3. rozšíření vědomí prostřednictvím proměny perspektivy. U všech třech přitom nachází výrazný relaxační účinek s terapeutickým potenciálem a zároveň edukativní funkci týkající se vnímání cílící na konkrétní generační zkušenost. Důležitou roli v textu hraje evokace vlastního prožitku, o jehož obhajobu v rámci teatrologického pole autorka usiluje.
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