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EN
The author touches upon the problem of education of the younger generation which is an important component of the national culture of each nation. The transfer of all historical, cultural, human and moral traditions of the parents, the grandparents and the great grandparents have always been the key to eternal life of the nation. In our country interest to ethnic problems is growing, but keep in mind that ethnopedagogical aspects are zone crossing different, possibly polar interests. Their solution depends on orientation training and education of the younger generation and constructive national policy. That is the important task can be solved by means of ethnopedagogy whose subject matter is a complex socio-cultural phenomenon as folk pedagogy. The article reveals the content of the notions of «ethnopedagogy», «means of pedagogy», «community pedagogical cultures», «ethnicity», examines the nature of educational media folk pedagogy, the possibility of using them in the leading directions of the educational process, shows the position of funds of pedagogy in the process of a personality formation. The author discusses the ways of constructive usage of ethnopedagogical knowledge in the process of national consciousness of formation of the pupil’s personality. Now in the society of new social and personal values special attention should be paid to broadcast native culture, which consists of elements of cultures of different regions, formation of national character and national identity in the sphere of the variability of thinking, the definition of ethnic education as an open educational system, exempting carriers of traditional ethnic culture to national and world culture. The deep content knowledge of ethnopedagogy does not separate, but rather bring together nations in overcoming interethnic conflicts. National education, including one of the most important of its branches ethnopedagogy will be able in the near future to revive the genetic roots of the Ukrainian people, to form a Ukrainian type that can lead nation to the world cultural level. The creative renaissance ethnopedagogical traditions, their adaptation to the new social conditions leading to pedagogical findings and productive innovation can now be seen as a phenomenon of innovation.
EN
The paper was written in connection with the exhibition Faces of Loneliness in Culture held in the Jagiellonian Library. The author discusses the role of loners (bachelors and maidens) in the traditional peasant culture, basing primarily on ethnographic materials. In the introduction, the contemporary culture of loners is outlined in general terms. The main argument begins by showing the status of lone people in the folk culture. The author concentrates next on rites stigmatizing loners (performed mainly at the turn of Shrovetide and Lent), presenting also two particular types of loners, folk artists and hermits, and concluding with comparison of the historical cultural formation with today’s culture of singles.
PL
Artykuł powstał w związku z przygotowywaną w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej wystawą Oblicza samotności w kulturze. Autor koncentruje się na roli jaką odgrywali ludzie samotni (bezżenni i niezamężne) w „chłopskiej kulturze tradycyjnej”. Bazuje przede wszystkim na materiałach etnograficznych. We wstępie artykułu nakreślona zostaje ogólnikowo współczesna kultura ludzi samotnych. Zasadniczy wywód zaczyna się od ukazania statusu ludzi samotnych w kulturze ludowej. Dalej autor koncentruje się na stygmatyzującej samotnych obrzędowości (głównie z przełomu zapustów i Wielkiego Postu). Następnie przedstawia dwa charakterystyczne typy samotników: artystów ludowych i pustelników. Całość wieńczy zestawieniem dawnej formacji kulturowej z dzisiejszą kształtującą się kulturą singli.
EN
This article is an analysis of the religious and moral situation of Polish families in Belarus since the beginning of Christianity in these lands. It was carried out based on the Catholic model of marriage and family, taking into account the religious and historical conditions of family life of Poles on the territory of modern Bela-rus. The reflections made on the issues discussed difficult history of the Catholic Church and the traditions of cultural and religious Polish families closely associated with the Church. These reflections presented their contemporary religious and moral level.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę religijno-moralnej sytuacji polskich rodzin na Białorusi od początków chrześcijaństwa na tych ziemiach. Została ona przeprowadzona w oparciu o katolicki model małżeńsko-rodzinny, uwzględniając religijno-historyczne uwarunkowania życia rodzinnego Polaków na terytorium współczesnej Białorusi. W refleksjach dotyczących podjętych zagadnień omówiono trudne dzieje Kościoła katolickiego oraz tradycje kulturowo-religijne polskich rodzin ściśle związane z Kościołem. Przedstawiono ich współczesny poziom religijno-moralny.
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