Search results

1

Editorial Introduction: Migration Dynamics, Trajectories and Policies in the Context of Russian Full-Scale Aggression against Ukraine

100%

Mikheieva O., Jaroszewicz M.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2023

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vol. 12

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issue 1

115-126

EN

This short introduction presents the context and background information to the CEEMR special section analysing the migration dynamics, trajectories, everyday reality and policies in the context of Russian full-scale aggression against Ukraine. The special section contains the first group of articles dealing with the unprecedented migration consequences of military aggression against Ukraine, including air strikes on many Ukrainian cities, the use of indiscriminate weapons, killing and deportations as well as the economic consequences of protracted armed conflict. The intensity of the migration movement should also be explained by the quick opening by neighbouring countries of their borders to the incoming refugees. The exceptionality of the situation and high uncertainty about further developments led us to conclude that this special section should not follow any prior conceptual background but should be open to different perspectives and approaches in studying migration from/in/to Ukraine.

2

Recovered Territories in Source Materials of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas: Selected Examples of Socio-Cultural Change in Post-Migration Areas

100%

Drożdż A.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2021

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vol. 31

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issue 3

213 - 224

EN

After the Second World War, significant territorial changes took place in Poland. As a result of the decisions at Yalta and Potsdam, Silesia, the Lubusz lands, Western and Eastern Pomerania, Warmia, and Masuria were granted to Poland, while the so-called Eastern Borderlands were taken away from Poland. This resulted in the forced migration of several million citizens. The displaced German population was replaced by Polish settlers from the regions which ended up outside the country’s eastern border after the war, as well as from other parts of the country. It was a voluntary migration resulting from a desire to improve own material situation, and a forced migration based on political decisions adopted by the then government. The new settlers faced different natural and cultural conditions in the new place. Despite war damage, western villages and towns made a great impression on the new arrivals. The civilisation development was most surprising. Contact with a different social environment often caused a culture shock. This situation forced those displaced and those newly resettled to test their own standards and values. Materials collected within the “Polish Ethnographic Atlas” project can contribute to the research on strategies for building a new identity in post-migration areas, as well as strategies related to the memory of the place of origin. These materials represent an interesting and still little recognised source of knowledge. The interviewers’ personal data and records, concerning mainly the processes of spreading selected cultural elements, are most notable.

3

A new challenge for urban planning in Turkey: socio-spatial impacts of forced migration

88%

Levent T.

European Spatial Research and Policy

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

115-134

EN

In recent decades, forced migration has become a globally salient issue for both developed and developing countries. As a developing country, Turkey is a significant destination for forced migration, with more than 3.6 million Syrian immigrants. This study concentrates on the socio-spatial impacts of forced migration in Turkish cities where Syrian immigrants have been concentrated and aims to answer the question: “Does forced migration produce an urban crisis in such cities?” The study leads to a prescription about new qualities of urban planning for coping with the urban crisis through a resilience strategy.

4

Experiencing forced migration in childhood: the case of refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Norway

88%

Kovacevic Bielicki D.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

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2016

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vol. 12

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issue 4(35)

14-27

EN

This article discusses how former child refugees from Yugoslav wars, who have permanently resettled in Norway, narrate their past refugee experiences, and how they negotiate their belonging and integration in the present. The article argues that child refugees are particularly important research subjects in the field of migration and forced migration studies: refugees and forced migrants are the most vulnerable of all migrants, while children are the most vulnerable and powerless among all forced migrants. Turning back to the past experiences and memories of people who went through this type of experience in the not so distant past, might helps us understand what challenges the numerous refugees of today are facing, and help answer what receiving societies can do in response to the arrival of the new refugees.

5

Transnational Motherhood and Forced Migration. Causes and Consequences of the Migration of Polish Working-Class Women 1989–2010

88%

Urbańska S.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2016

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vol. 5

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issue 1

109-128

EN

This article discusses and expands on two related issues. The first is the unexplored reasons for the departure of Polish migrant women: the forced migration phenomenon. The author describes the system behind forced migration as created at the intersections not only of care, gender and migration regimes but also of legal regimes. Second, the author points out that the close relation between forced migration and the process of ‘unbecoming a wife in the transnational context’ creates a distinctive type of transnational motherhood experience. In order to explain the specificity of these types of experiences better the author introduces a new typology of transnational motherhood biographies. The case study of Aldona is representative of the experiences of some Polish women in the period under study, 1989–2010.

6

Refugee and forced migrants are not welcome in Europe’s diminished welfare states

88%

Fotaki M.

Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje

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2020

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vol. 48

53-72

EN

The recent arrivals of refugees from the Middle East fleeing war and persecution, and forced migrants escaping poverty, mostly from Asia and Africa, have fundamentally challenged European states’ commitment to solidarity with these vulnerable populations seeking protection. Researchers have identified a range of social and individual factors that may facilitate or impede societies’ willingness to receive refugees and migrants. However, less attention has been devoted to how their reception may be linked with diminished provision of public services for citizens and declining welfare states in many countries in Europe. This article considers how the ascendance of the neoliberal ideology and its’ key shifts in public policy contributed to a growing sense of insecurity and precarity in industrialized countries over recent decades and has affected people’s willingness to assist and accept them. It brings together insights from a variety of disciplines to better understand social policy developments and its relation to refugee and forced migration. It concludes that a feminist psychosocial conception of relationality provides a basis for rethinking our approaches to these important issues by politicizing the ethical obligation to protect the lives of unknown others.

7

Forced emigration and desired return: the social and psychological consequences of the wartime evacuation of Greeks

88%

Nowicka E.

Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia

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2017

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vol. 24

83-100

EN

The subject of this article is the fate of the Greek political refugees – specifically personsforcibly resettled in Poland and other countries of the Soviet Bloc, evacuated from territoriesengrossed in the Civil War of 1946-1949. After a long period in exile, some returned to theirhome country and began a new life, struggling with economic, familial, social, linguistic and cultural problems. The history of the Greek refugees and their re-immigration illustrates the irreversibility and irreparability of the social and psychological damage done by forcedmigration. Returns to the homeland did not reinstate balance, and did not ease the dilemmasinitiated by the first resettlement. History is stuck in the memories as well as the everyday lives of the return migrants and their social milieus; this creates divides, mutual strangeness, and social tensions. Compulsory movement of populations – leading to the severance of connections with one’s fatherland, hometown, mother tongue, and home culture – causes subsequent conflicts and identity problems which continue to haunt those who returned to their birthplace.

8

Detention of Minors in EU Return Procedures: Assessing the Extent to Which Polish Law Is Reflective of the EU Migration Regime and International Human Rights Standards

88%

Biel A. M.

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

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2017

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vol. 6

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issue 2

69-102

EN

The Return Directive allows for the detention of minors during removal proceedings, but only as a ‘last resort’, for ‘the shortest appropriate period of time’ and with the primary consideration of the ‘best interests of the child’. While the Directive attempted to provide some safeguards to minors, these are undermined throughout, as the enforcement of such provisions depends significantly on their incorporation into domestic law. I provide an overview of the EU detention policy, map the existing domestic law framework in light of the benchmarks set out by the Directive and human rights instruments, and argue that there is a lack of consistency in the case study of Poland. In doing so, I analyse the limitations to detaining minors in light of the human rights treaties, of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, and of the role of the monitoring body – the Committee on the Rights of the Child. In discussing the different types of jurisprudence, I illustrate how different bodies speak with the same voice on the detention of minors. Based on these findings I attempt to contribute to the policy debate on how to reconcile and balance the implications of two policy objectives affecting irregular migrant children - the protection of minors and immigration enforcement. I identify detention policy aspects, for which the legislation should be further harmonised, and I develop models of good practices based on other Member States’ practices, thus providing a set of policy recommendations to the Polish legislator as to what fair and effective irregular migration governance might entail.

9

FORCED MIGRATION OF UKRAINIAN KULAKS IN THE INTER–WAR PERIOD – STATE OF RESEARCH

88%

Chojnacka M., Szydywar-Grabowska K.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2017

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issue 4

137-146

EN

The topic of the Holodomor in Ukraine and the following deportation of Ukrainian kulaks was taken up by many authors from around the world, such as Michał Klimecki, Stanisław Kulczycki, Nikolai Ivnitski, Еlena Chernolutskaya (Елена Чернолуцкая), Anna Reid, Timothy D. Snyder or Pavel Polyan. Forced relocations from Ukraine were aimed at eliminating possible enemies of the communist system. The mass deportations should be seen to take roots in the resolution of 27 December 1929, the Stalinist authorities, and specifically the All-Union Conference of Marxist Farmers who spoke on accelerating the collectivization of the village. Importantly, a resolution was adopted to start the campaign to liquidate the kulak farmers as a class.

10

Consequences of the War for the Labour Market of the Carpathian Region of Ukraine: Priorities of Stabilisation Policy

75%

Vasyltsiv T., Levytska O., Rudkovsky O.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

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2022

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vol. 4

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issue 90

29-38

EN

The article addresses the structural–temporal changes in the characteristics of the labour market in the oblasts of the Carpathian region of Ukraine (Lvivska, Zakarpatska, Ivano-Frankivska and Chernivetska) due to the large-scale Russian military invasion of Ukraine. Regional, sectoral and market condition–related changes in the labour market and employment in the region during the war are identified. The article defines the threats to the functioning of the regional labour market, which are related to growing unemployment, increasing pressure on social infrastructure and the domestic labour market, reduction in human resources and the growing trend of relocation of business and skilled workers from the western oblasts of Ukraine to other countries. The policy for social-labour stabilisation of the oblasts in the Carpathian region of Ukraine in conditions of war and post-war recovery is substantiated.

11

War-driven wave of Ukrainian emigration to Europe: an attempt to evaluate the scale and consequences (the view of Ukrainian researchers)

75%

Libanova E., Pozniak O.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2023

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vol. 24

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issue 1

259-276

EN

The article aims to evaluate the scale and consequences of the emigration of Ukrainians triggered by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The paper also attempts to determine the composition of the refugees. The first weeks of the military aggression saw the most active departure of the population from Ukraine, after that the number of those seeking refuge decreased. According to the estimation of the Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on the data from the State Border Guard Service, the number of ‘refugees from the war in Ukraine’ reached 3 million as of the end of June 2022. The emigrants are mainly residents of Kyiv and Kharkiv, which results in a much higher specific weight of people with higher education than the national average. This fact combined with an orientation towards employment rather than social assistance (a mentality that is relatively close to Europeans), suggests a high probability (especially compared to the same emigrants from other countries, including Syria and Afghanistan) for most Ukrainian women to successfully adapt to life across the border. This is especially true for those who came to Poland, due to the minimal linguistic and cultural differences between the countries. The potential amount of irreversible migration losses, depending on the military and economic factors, ranges from 600–700 thousand to 5–5.5 million people. Considering the fact that approximately 3 million Ukrainians had already been staying (working) abroad before 2022, the war is likely to result in a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, whose demographic potential has been utterly exhausted.

12

Nechtěné „tě pic!“ Politika paměti představitelů nuceně vysídlených brněnských Němců na počátku padesátých let 20. století

75%

Nosková J.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2016

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vol. 26

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issue 4

296 - 305

EN

The case study deals with the politics of memory and the constructing of cultural memory within a group of forcibly displaced German inhabitants of Brno in Germany at the outset of the1950s. The study works with basic empiric material, which is a hit (song) Ich bin aus Brünn [I am from Brno] published in Brünner Heimatbote, a magazine of this group of inhabitants, in 1953, and four letters sent to the club Bruna, and to editors of Brünner Heimatbote. Authors of those letters, important representatives of the group of forcibly displaced Brno inhabitants and representatives of official organizations of the “Sudeten Germans”, responded negatively to the song text, whereby their major reproaches related to the use of Czech words in the song text (e.g. the slang word ´tě pic‘´ = yo) and the depiction of certain life conditions that were evaluated as being unsuitable and unrepresentative for the group of Brno Germans. The author of the study puts the analysis of empiric material (interpretations contained in it) into the context of the policy the organizations of “Sudeten Germans” applied in Germany after the Second World War. The study can be understood as a contribution to the research into the formation of identities of that group of inhabitants after 1945 and the role of their official organizations and journalism in this process.

13

Projekty edukacyjne na rzecz integracji społecznej oraz kształtowania postaw tolerancji i zrozumienia

63%

Kluszczyńska M., Main I.

Łódzkie Studia Etnograficzne

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2020

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vol. 59

EN

In response to the „refugee crisis” of 2015 – resulting in the arrival in Europe of many thousands of people fleeing the armed conflict in Syria – the Polish Law and Justice party and the Polish government adopted negative attitudes towards refugees. The Polish mass media promoted anti-refugee narratives focused on terrorism and „threats of Islamisation”of Europe. However, these anti-refugee narratives have been countered by local antihate campaigns, including activities undertaken by local ethnologists and anthropologists. This article offers an analysis of educational activities undertaken in 2017 by the Centre for Migration Studies at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland. These activities took a form of two initiatives: „Adopt a vest” and „Let’s talk about refugees”. Both projects aimed at shaping attitudes of openness towards refugees and increasing awareness of refugees among the residents of Poznan, including school children. Additionally, these activities aimed to increase and support the people willing to disseminate knowledge about refugees and impart openness and respect for forced migrants. Such activism isguided by the idea that it is essential not only to get to know the world better, but also to imagine it differently and create an alternative vision of the world where solidarity with refugees and migrants prevails (cf. Fischman, McLaren 2005).

PL

Od 2015 roku w reakcji na „kryzys uchodźczy” – przybycie wielu tysięcy osób uciekających przed skutkami konfliktu w Syrii do Europy – przedstawiciele partii Prawo i Sprawiedliwość oraz polskiego rządu przyjęli negatywny stosunek do uchodźców, a w wielu polskich mass mediach pojawił się antyuchodźczy przekaz łączący zjawiska terroryzmu, „zagrożenia islamizacją” i uchodźstwa. Nie jest to jednak jedyna narracja i postawa obecna w Polsce. W artykule przedstawione są lokalne inicjatywy, które miały na celu przeciwdziałanie antyuchodźczej kampanii nienawiści, a także zwiększenie kompetencji i zaangażowania środowiska etnologicznego. Analizie poddano działania edukacyjne podejmowane i inspirowane przez Centrum Badań Migracyjnych na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu od 2017 roku – projekty „Zaadoptuj kamizelkę” i „Porozmawiajmy o uchodźcach”. Oba projekty miały na celu kształtowanie postaw otwartości wobec uchodźców oraz zwiększenie wiedzy odbiorców – szeroko rozumianej społeczności mieszkańców i mieszkanek Poznania oraz dzieci i młodzieży szkolnej. Inicjatywy zespołu realizującego te projekty służyły poszerzeniu i wzmocnieniu grupy osób chcących zaangażować się w upowszechnienie wiedzy oraz postaw otwartości i szacunku dla drugiego człowieka. Działania te podyktowane były przeświadczeniem o znaczeniu nie tylko lepszego poznania świata, ale też wyobrażenia go sobie inaczej i stworzenia alternatywy w duchu solidarności z innymi (por. Fischman, McLaren 2005).

14

Calvary of the Germans in Hungary at the end of WWII

63%

Matkovits-Kretz E.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies

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2015

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vol. 7

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issue 1

51-59

EN

The German community in Hungary suffered many blows at the end of World War II and after it, on the basis of collective guilt. Immediately after the Red Army had marched in. gathering and deportation started into the camps of the Soviet Union, primarily into forced-labour camps in Donetsk, the Caucasus, and the Ural mountains. One third of them never returned. Those left behind had to face forced resettlement, the confiscation of their properties, and other ordeals. Their history was a taboo subject until the change of the political system in 1989. Not even until our days, by the 70th anniversary of the events, has their story reached a worthy place in national and international remembrance. International collaboration, the establishment of a research institute is needed to set to rights in history the story of the ordeal of the German community after World War II. for the present and future generations

15

A TRÁGICA EXPERIÊNCIA POR TRÁS DOS PROCESSOS DE MIGRAÇÕES FORÇADAS NA COLÔMBIA: A HISTÓRIA DO MASSACRE DE CAÑO JABÓN

51%

SARMIENTO DA SILVA E., DA SILVA FALCÃO A. T.

Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review

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2018

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issue 22

403-328

PT

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as migrações forçadas a partir das dinâmicas de organiza-ção e práticas de violência do paramilitarismo na Colômbia exemplificando um estudo de caso: o massacre no povoado de Caño Jabón – Meta (1998) e o testemunho de uma sobrevivente, uma migrante que fugiu da situação de violência. Através de quem vivenciou e sobreviveu a um mas-sacre e de suas memórias, descreveremos o conflito armado colombiano. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, baseamo-nos na corrente da micro-história italiana, realizando um esforço por utilizar os objetos microhistóricos mais além da questão local, como um espaço de demonstração e lugar de experimentação para a reelaboração e reformulação de hipóteses de ordem claramente macrohistórico e global. Para tanto, partimos de um acontecimento particular, de um testemu-nho, para compreender a violência e os massacres que envolvem a história de um país e as mi-grações forçadas decorrentes dessa situação de calamidade. Em diálogo com a narrativa em pri-meira pessoa, encontram-se outras fontes que utilizamos para contar essa história: notícias de jornais sobre o massacre de Caño Jabón e os paramilitares responsáveis pelo crime, sentenças da Fiscalía General de la Nación, sentenças da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e os tes-temunhos dos próprios paramilitares frente à justiça colombiana. Entendemos, portanto, que as dinâmicas de acumulação capitalista na Colômbia atuam de maneira particular como produtoras de uma ordem de controle social baseada no uso irrestrito da violência, provocando o desloca-mento de milhares de pessoas.

EN

The objective of this work is to present forced migrations due to the dynamics of paramilitary organization and violent practices in Colombia, exemplifying a case study: the massacre in Ca-ñoJabón - Meta village (1998) and the testimony of a survivor, a migrant who fled the violent situation. We will describe the Colombian armed conflict from the perspective of those who sur-vived the massacre and through their memories. In theoretical-methodological terms, we base ourselves in the current of Italian micro-history, making an effort to use micro-historical objects beyond the local question, as a space of demonstration and place of experimentation for the re-elaboration and reformulation of hypotheses of a clearly macro-historical and global order. To do so, we start with a particular event, a testimony, to understand the violence and the massacres that surround the history of a country and the forced migrations resulting from this situation of calamity. In dialogue with first-person narrative, we find other sources that we use to tell this story: newspaper reports on the Caño Jabón massacre and the paramilitaries responsible for the crime, judgments of the Attorney General's Office, judgments of the Inter- Human Rights and the testimony of the paramilitaries themselves before the Colombian justice system. We under-stand, therefore, that the dynamics of capitalist accumulation in Colombia act in a particular way as producers of an order of social control based on the unrestricted use of violence, causing the displacement of thousands of people.

16

Forced Migration from Ukraine during the Russian-Ukrainian War: impact on the EU and Ukraine

51%

Atamanenko A., Avhustiuk M.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2023

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issue 3(38)

38-59

RU

Полномасштабное вторжение России в Украину 24 февраля 2022 года, сопровождавшееся нарушением агрессором гуманитарного права, разрушением гражданской инфраструктуры, привело к вынужденной миграции. За короткое время страну покинули миллионы людей. Беспрецедентный поток мигрантов из Украины привел к возобновлению 4 марта Директивы ЕС о временной защите. Страны ЕС открыли свои границы для мигрантов из Украины, предоставив им кров и помощь. Наибольшее количество мигрантов приняла Польша, а также другие соседи Украины – Румыния, Молдова, Венгрия, а также Чехия, Словакия, Германия, Австрия и другие. Волна внешней миграции существенно повлияла на функционирование рынков труда и занятости даже в тех регионах украинского государства, в которых не ведутся боевые действия. Исследования показывают, что внешняя миграция, помимо прочих факторов, существенно повлияет на демографическую ситуацию в Украине из-за увеличения количества людей, которые не планируют возвращаться из-за границы. Важным кризисным фактором является то, что мигрантами являются в основном молодые люди трудоспособного возраста и дети. Значительно увеличилась и образовательная миграция из Украины в страны ЕС. В то же время мигранты, обосновавшиеся в странах ЕС, влияют на изменения на рынке труда и сфере занятости, создают дополнительную нагрузку на бюджеты принимающих стран и т.д. Встает вопрос доступа украинских мигрантов к таким сферам жизни, как образование (в том числе доступ к образованию детей), доступ к рынку труда и жилью, здравоохранению в краткосрочной и долгосрочной перспективе. Внешняя миграция из Украины неоднократно становилась объектом исследований украинских и зарубежных ученых. В то же время вынужденная миграция, связанная с полномасштабным военным вторжением в Украину, является недостаточно изученным явлением. Целью статьи является анализ миграционной ситуации в Украине и ЕС, определение влияния вынужденной внешней миграции на Украину и ЕС.

EN

The full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022, which was accompanied by the violation of humanitarian law and the demolition of civilian infrastructure, has led to the emergence of forced migration. Millions of people left the country within a short period. On March 4, the EU Temporary Protection Directive was reactivated in response to the unprecedented flow of migrants from Ukraine. EU countries have opened their borders to migrants from Ukraine, providing them with shelter and assistance. Poland and its neighbouring states, such as Romania, Moldova, Hungary, as well as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Austria, received the highest quantity of migrants. The wave of migration has had a noticeable influence on the functioning of labour markets and employment, even in those regions of Ukraine which have not been exposed to military activity. Comprehensive studies show that external migration, among other factors, will significantly affect the demographic situation in Ukraine due to the increase in the number of people who do not plan to return from abroad. A key factor in the crisis is the fact that the majority of these people is youth of employable age and children. Besides, educational migration from Ukraine to EU countries has also increased significantly. The influx of immigrants who have established themselves in the nations of the European Union have significantly impacted the labour markets of these countries, putting a considerable strain on the public funds of the host countries. The question of Ukrainian immigrants’ ability to engage in activities such as schooling (including access to educational opportunities for children), employment, residence, and healthcare in both the immediate and long-term future is coming to the fore. Ukrainian and international scholars alike have done numerous studies on external migration from Ukraine; nonetheless, the forced migration resulting from the full-scale military invasion of Ukraine has yet to be adequately examined. Subsequently, the article is intended to examine the displacement circumstances in Ukraine and the EU and to evaluate the consequence of compulsory external migration in Ukraine and the EU.

17

Development of the Agency of Ukrainian Children – Forced Migrants: Tasks of School and Family

51%

Halian O.

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2020

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vol. 67

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issue 10

129-145

EN

The article reveals potential influence of educational environment and conditions of family education on manifestation of pupils’ own agency in the context of contemporary Ukrainian realities, in particular, forced migration. Agency support is recognized as an important task of ensuring a vital stability of individuals and updating their personal resources, which are aimed not only at adapting to empirical, social, cultural and existential reality in which they live now, but also at their self-development. To achieve this aim the peculiarities of organization of educational environment and system of family education in changed conditions of life realization have been designed. Importance of providing psychological and pedagogical support for development of the agency of schoolchildren is substantiated. That can be reached by encouraging teachers to use a humanitarian approach in education and creation of children picture the world, where value-meaningful attitude to multicultural space contributes to personal growth, and to development of individual educational trajectory for them, which makes possible realization of personal potential and needs by pupils in self-development. Parental influence is presented as an important factor for children to gain new experience of self-awareness through indirect approach in education, transfer of positive experience in overcoming difficult life situations, creating a situation of success in socialization of a child. Particular emphasis is made on cooperation of family and educational institution in identification of markers of agency, their manifestation in patterns of behaviour and values of children. The need to formulate a whole value adult attitude to a child’s desire to be an agent of change and self-change is emphasized.

PL

Rozwój podmiotowości dzieci ukraińskich – przymusowych migrantów: zadania szkoły i rodziny Artykuł ujawnia potencjał wpływu środowiska edukacyjnego i warunków wychowania rodzinnego na przejawianie własnej podmiotowości dzieci w kontekście współczesnych realiów ukraińskich, w szczególności migracji przymusowej. Wspieranie podmiotowości jest uznawane za ważne zadanie zapewnienia stabilności życia osoby i aktualizacji jej zasobów osobistych, których celem jest nie tylko dostosowanie się do rzeczywistości empirycznej, społeczno-kulturowej i egzystencjalnej, w której obecnie żyje, ale także jej samorozwoju. W tym celu zaprojektowano specjalną organizację środowiska edukacyjnego i systemu edukacji rodzinnej w zmienionych warunkach funkcjonowania życia. Uzasadnione jest znaczenie zapewnienia wsparcia psychologicznego i pedagogicznego dla rozwoju podmiotowości uczniów. W tym celu zachęca się nauczycieli do stosowania humanitarnego podejścia do poznania i tworzenia obrazu świata u dziecka, ponieważ ukształtowane wartościowo-semantyczne nastawienie do przestrzeni wielokulturowej przyczynia się do jego osobistego rozwoju. Ponadto ważne jest opracowanie osobistej trajektorii edukacyjnej dla uczniów. Umożliwia to realizację ich osobistego potencjału i potrzeby samorozwoju. Wpływ rodziców jest przedstawiany jako ważny czynnik umożliwiający dzieciom zdobycie nowego doświadczenia samoświadomości. Wynika to z tego, że rodzice stosują metody pośredniego rodzicielstwa, wykazują pozytywne doświadczenia w przezwyciężaniu trudnych sytuacji życiowych, stwarzają sytuację sukcesu w socjalizacji dziecka. Szczególny nacisk kładzie się na współpracę rodziny i instytucji edukacyjnej w identyfikowaniu markerów podmiotowości, ich przejawów we wzorach zachowań i wartościach dzieci. Podkreśla się potrzebę sformułowania holistycznego i wartościowego stosunku dorosłych do pragnienia dziecka, aby być podmiotem zmiany i samorealizacji.

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