Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 12

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  foreign
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
Turyzm
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
17-21
EN
The purpose of the research is to analyze the motivation and expectations of students from Ukraine with respect to higher education (HE) in the field of tourism. A survey questionnaire was created to be used by a target group in order to obtain their views. Research has shown that the main motive (60%) for studying in Poland was the desire to study and work at the same time. In reality HE students combined degree study and work in even more cases, and 58% of the work involved the tourism industry. Almost half of the students surveyed intend to remain in Poland following graduation. Those who expressed a desire to leave for other countries most often identified Spain and Germany. At the same time, most stated that they would like to work in professions associated with tourism including work in travel agencies and hotels.
EN
Leaving one’s homeland comes as a shock for an emigrant and his family. It is even more difficult when they decide to settle down in a country as far away from Poland as Australia is. Its exotic character, so different from European li festyle conventions, can cause difficulties in adapting to the new culture and make the whole process last longer. Language and culture – the two elements closely connected with emigration a re discussed in the article. On the one hand there is a need to preserve one’s own values, on the other, however at the same time, one must adapt to new values to avoid isolation.
EN
The article is concerned with reconstructing the cultural meanings included in the Polish signs “inny” (“different”) and “obcy” (“foreign”) and comparing them with their Russian and German counterparts, i.e. “другой” and “чужой”, “der Andere” and “der Fremde” respectively. The data for the comparative analysis were collected by means of the free association method. The features indicated by the respondents reflected culture-specific and language-specific associative profiles of images of the lexical items “different” and “foreign”, characteristic of the representatives of the Polish, Russian and German cultures. The results of the association test confirm that there exist numerous criteria which the Polish, Russian and German respondents referred to while specifying the meaning of “different” and “foreign”. The questionnaire allowed for establishing a hierarchy of the criteria as well as for indicating significant similarities and differences between the Polish, Russian and German associative definitions of both terms.
PL
Zmiana klimatu pociąga za sobą wiele zmian, również w strukturze społecznej. W przestrzeni społecznej pojawiają się osoby, często obce kulturowo. Zmiana klimatu powoduje występowanie szeregu anomalii pogodowych, czy też kataklizmów takich, jak powodzie czy susze. Ich skutkiem jest pogorszenie się warunków ekonomicznych szerokiej grupy osób. Liczne analizy wskazują, iż grupą najbardziej poszkodowaną jest ludność państw upadłych, a wśród nich - kobiety i dziewczęta.
EN
Climate change generate many changes, also in the social structure. In the social space there are people who are often culturally foreigen. Climate change causes a number of weather anomalies, or cataclysms such as floods and droughts. Their effect is the worsening of the economic conditions of a wide group of people. Numerous analyzes indicate that the most affected group is the population of fallen states, among them women and girls.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Książka z biblioteki XXI wieku

72%
EN
In his book Fiasco Stanisław Lem is asking what human nature is, what man aspires to, how he achieves it. What is Good and Evil? Who will win in the eternal fight between these two forces? Human beings conquer the outer space, but do they manage to subdue their inner space? Accustomed to thinking about themselves as the peak of the civilization progress and the quintessence of the Universe, are men capable of accepting meekly the unpleasant truth that in this Universe they were not given any exceptional and honourable role? Lem’s answers shatter the comfortable anthropocentric ideas of mankind and its place in the world. The author speaks directly of the difficulties of liberating our consciousness from the accumulated complexes, stereotypes and prejudice, from the intolerance towards everything different, foreign and incomprehensible. He states that even when they conquer time and space, men are helpless in the face of the dark forces hidden deep inside their souls, in the face of the unavoidable fall of Earth’s civilization.
EN
The 1918 founding of the independent Czechoslovak Republic completely changed the political and social framework of the mutual Czech-German literary transfer. In lieu of the multi-national state of the Habsburg monarchy, the discursive and institutional field of the mediating of Czech literature to the German readership was delineated by the issue of ethnic minorities, as a new instrument of foreign cultural policy. Against this historical background, the paper follows the genesis of the German translation of Jaroslav Durych’s Bloudění, brought out in 1933 as Friedland by Piper Publishing in Munich, and maps the particular mediating processes and networks and the thus incited debates regarding the direction of Czechoslovak foreign policy.
CS
Založením první československé republiky se česko-německý literární transfer ocitl v naprosto novém politickém a společenském kontextu. Diskurzivním a institucionálním rámcem prostředkování české literatury německému čtenářstvu již nebyl mnohonárodnostní stát habsburské monarchie, tvořila jej problematika menšin jako tehdy nový nástroj zahraniční kulturní politiky. Na tomto historickém pozadí je v předloženém článku sledován vznik německého překladu románu Jaroslava Durycha Bloudění, který roku 1933 vyšel pod názvem Friedland v mnichovském nakladatelství Piper. V té souvislosti jsou analyzovány konkrétní procesy zprostředkování a zprostředkovatelské sítě a také s nimi související diskuze o směřování československé zahraniční kulturní politiky.
XX
The assortment of artistic handicraft, textiles, militaria and foreign paintings kept in the manor house of the Larysz Niedzielski family in Śledziejowice constituted a unique collection. In the course of one hundred years, three generations of the Niedzielski family managed to fill a wooden building (constructed in the middle of a vast old park between 1823 and 1825 by the prior owners, Tekla née Niedzielska and Józef Zdzieński), including its walls and cabinets, with very interesting and valuable items. Unfortunately, a number of them were damaged or lost in the course of the cruel peasants’ revolt. Nevertheless, thanks to the passion of Erazm Niedzielski, a very precious and numerous collection was saved. It included the favourite numismatic collection, Italian and Dutch paintings, militaria, kontusz sashes and tapestries, equipment and glass. There were also French gilded items made of bronze and other small exhibits of significant artistic, and also sentimental, value. Each of the objects had its own history, often related to the longdeceased ancestors. Some of them, e.g. the golden denar of King Vladislaus Łokietek was the object of a transaction concluded in July 1896 between Stanisław Niedzielski and Count Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, which became a part of the Polish history of collecting. A significant portion of collections ended up in Śledziejowice as dowries of subsequent Niedzielski maidens: Emma née Komar (1820 – 1910), the wife of Erazm, and Apolonia Colonna-Walewska (1865 – 1939), the wife of Stanisław. These dowries included portraits, family tokens and luxury items held by the families for a number of years. This group encompassed gilded bronze items produced in the Parisian workshop of Pierre Philippe Thormire (1751 – 1843): a three-tier sweets stand, a brass Empire style column used as a lamp base and three pairs of Empire style bases for crystal plates, as well as two candle-holders made of gilded bronze in the style of Louis XVI and two candelabra for 9 candles made of two Sèvres vases imitating Chinese porcelain, encased in French gilded bronze in the style of Louis XV. Another luxury item was the French “Breguet” watch, the work of the Swiss watch-maker Abraham Louis Breguet (1747 – 1823), purchased in 1809 in Paris by one of the “grandfathers” who probably stayed there with Napoleon’s army, possibly General Count Stanisław Florian Potocki. It was a personal watch with a large gilded case, with the face with Arab numerals and one hand fixed in the middle. These items were a true decoration of the house. The watch might have been the property of an ancestor of Apolonia Walewska, i.e. General Potocki, a rich and fashionable man who stayed in Paris together with the army of Prince Joseph in the first years of the 19th century. Another item is also related to the person of General Count Potocki, i.e. the Order of St. Stanislaus from the period of the Congress Kingdom, which Stanisław Niedzielski donated to the Lviv National Museum of King John III along with a collection of coins, a family signet ring and a kontusz sash. The items that were traditionally handed over from father to son were weapons. Weapons were encountered in numerous Polish homes. They testified to the family’s bravery and valour and, if necessary, provided equipment for fighters, as it was the case with the Circassian shashka which Stanisław gave to his son Adam when he was going to war. Weapons, especially ornamented ones, also performed decorative functions. Placed on the wall in the form of a panoply or on a tapestry, they reminded about the valiant past and were also a token after those who fought for the fatherland, even if they were not necessarily family members. In Śledziejowice, such weapons included the sabre of Commander Stanisław Revera Potocki and the Austrian sabre of cavalry officer, General Zygmunt Jordan, one of the commanders in the January Uprising. Obviously, there were also other weapons, including the Spanish cutlass with a Toledo blade, probably a token after an expedition to the Iberian Peninsula, the Caucasian shashka and kama and, the most noticeable item, i.e. the 17th century Hussar armour adorned with a cavalry cross on the breastplate. It was a combat armour and not a representative one, thence its solid execution and modest decorations. Apart from military articles, the Niedzielski manor house – similarly to any other nobleman’s residence – featured old textiles: four Polish kontusz sashes and Eastern tapestries of interesting provenance. Erazm Niedzielski brought two very valuable manuscripts from a trip to Paris in 1869. One was the manuscript of a-moll mazurka op. 17 of Frederic Chopin written in 1833 in Paris. Archaeological specimens purchased by Erazm Niedzielski in 1872 came from a trip to Italy. These were small ceramic items, donated in 1927 by Doctor Stanisław Niedzielski to the Archaeological Unit of the Jagiellonian University, where they are still kept today. Other purchases made during the Paris trip in 1869 by Erazm Niedzielski include a translation of a Medieval hymn to the Holy Spirit, Veni Creator, written by Adam Mickiewicz (“Come, the Creator Spirit, Visit the Thoughts of the Faithful…”). Its authenticity was confirmed by the poet’s son, Władysław Mickiewicz. There were also works by foreign authors. In this respect, a collection of old paintings of artists from the area of Italy and the Netherlands is particularly interesting. These were landscapes, portraits, religious and mythological scenes. They were purchased, in a vast majority, by Erazm Niedzielski from a collection of Prince Chancellor Wacław Antoni Kaunitz (1711 – 1794), which ceased to exist in 1820. The rank of the Niedzielski collection is best testified by the fact that the most valuable painting found in the Śledziejowice collection is “Venus and Amor” by Jan Mays, currently held by the Museum of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków; another valuable masterpiece was “The Head of the Madonna” probably painted by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (1693 – 1770), which was bought by Count Zamoyski from Stanisław Niedzielski. Other precious and rare artefacts include a collection of graphic works of Franciszek Smuglewicz and Marco Carloni, “Vestigia delle Terme di Tito” characterised by a very high artistic and technical level. It presents the painted decoration of Titus’ Bathhouse and a part of the Golden House. It was a gift of Stanisław Niedzielski for Countess Elżbieta Hutten-Czapska in 1897. This was a very valuable publication, considered a rarity also in the 19th century. Erazm Niedzielski was a valued coin collector, well known in Kraków. He accumulated an interesting collection of Greek and Roman coins from the times of the republic and the empire, as well as Polish coins starting with 11th century denars, through coins of district princes and election kings, as well as foreign coins occurring in the Polish lands of various epochs. Its significant portion was donated in 1931 by Stanisław Niedzielski to the Museum of Jan III Sobieski in Lviv. Kajetan Niedzielski and Erazm Niedzielski were passionate collectors and the Śledziejowice collections were created mostly thanks to their knowledge and passion; apart from true artefacts which could be presented in renowned museums, the collections also include odd items such as horseshoes, fragments of old joinery, an old Polish spur and a metal squiggle. Stanisław Niedzielski did not share the collector’s passion and he put the entire effort to the maintenance of the property destroyed by WWI and economic crisis, even at the cost of selling or exchange of the most valuable items, e.g. the 17th century Eastern tapestries for utility furniture from Erazm Barącz in 1921. The list of Śledziejowice collections which Stanisław Niedzielski prepared in the inter-war period surprises with the variety of the artefacts. It includes numerous remarks about the provenance or further fate of items and constitutes a priceless historical material for the history of collecting. Even though the collections were dispersed, thanks to the list it is possible to reconstruct them
EN
The author investigates omnipresent and universal sources/origins of intolerance and its workings and mechanisms in the history of mankind. Afterwards, he presents roots and sources of intolerance during the course of Polish history. A further chapter deals with the most recent and present expressions of intolerance and the rather daring thesis that the disease of intolerance is an inherent trait of Polish awareness. The author’s reflections culminate in the insight that the only way to liberate man from xenophobia, hate and averall intolerance lies in proper education.
PL
Autor wprowadza w uniwersalne źródła i funkcje nietolerancji w dziejach człowieka. Drugi nurt rozważań dotyczy historii polskich korzeni i źródeł nietolerancji w różnych okresach historii polskiego państwa i społeczeństwa. Odrębna część rozprawy dotyczy współczesnych postaci nietolerancji i ryzykownej tezy, że zaraza nietolerancji jest trwałą właściwością świadomości polskiego społeczeństwa. Rozważania sprowadzają się do konkluzji, że jedyną drogą uwolnienia człowieka od ksenofobii, nienawiści, uogólnionej nietolerancji jest wychowanie i edukacja.
DE
Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich zum Ziel, die theoretische Fundierung sowie Vorteile und Schwächen des pragmatisch-kommunikativen Ansatzes im Fremdsprachenunterricht aus glottodidaktiktischer Sicht darzustellen. Die Autorin betont, dass sowohl die Pragmalinguistik und die Sprechakttheorie von J. Austin und J. Searle, die auf theoretischen Erkenntnissen in Bezug auf die Rolle der Handlung und ihrer Wirkung in der pragmatischen Philosophie, Soziologie und Semiotik des 20. Jahrhunderts basieren als auch das Wittgensteinsche Konzept der Sprachspiele, das Konzept der kommunikativen Kompetenz von D. Hymes und die Theorie der kommunikativen Kompetenz von J. Habermas die pragmatisch-kommunikative Wende in entscheidender Weise inspiriert und weitgehend mitgeprägt haben. Die Einführung der kommunikativen Kompetenz in die theoretische Diskussion und in die schulische Praxis zeigte aber nicht immer zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse. Als Schwäche des pragmatischkommunikativen Ansatzes ist eine Überbetonung des kommunikativen Umgangs mit Äußerungen und eine Überbewertung der Rolle der sprachlichen Diskursund Handlungskompetenz bei gleichzeitiger Unterbewertung der morphosyntaktischen Kompetenz zu nennen. Die Autorin konstatiert, dass der immanente Strukturbereich von Sprache und nicht der Kommunikationsbereich ihre Natur ausmacht.
EN
The aim of the paper is to discuss theoretical assumptions as well as point out strengths and weaknesses of the communicative-pragmatic approach to foreign language teaching. The author underlines the fact that pragmatics and the theory of speech acts by J. Austin and J. Searle, which emerged under the influence of the pragmatic approach in American philosophy, sociology and semiotics, as well as the theory of language games by L. Wittgenstein, the notion of communicative competence by D. Hymes and the theory of communicative action by J. Habermas all influenced the proponents of the pragmatic-communicative approach either directly or indirectly. The implementation of these theories, however, has not always been cautious and critical enough, which is exemplified by, for instance, overemphasizing fluency and communicative efficiency over morphosyntactic accuracy of speech. In other words, changing the role of communicative competence and downgrading the significance of linguistic competence in the foreign language teaching process. The author concludes that the essence of natural languages lies in their immanent structure rather than the communicative purposes they serve.
EN
This work is an attempt to describe the phenomenon of the latest migration of Poles, which took place after 2004, when Poland became a member state of the European Union and when many Poles found employment abroad. The majority of migrants from Poland, relatively well-educated, young and having unpleasant experiences in the home country, manage quite well in the new social and professional circumstances and are satisfied with the decision to leave. From this point of view, migration is very important and timely. When people migrate from one nation or another to another, they take their identity with them. In a new culture, their cultural identity and their sense of belonging are subject to change. The author tries to answer the question to what extent the socio-cultural environment diversifies the social distance towards foreign Polish emigres in Germany, the local population and Poles living in the country. The presented work discusses differences regarding the social distance of respondents towards people of other nationalities and towards followers of other religions.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą opisania zjawiska najnowszych migracji Polaków, które mają miejsce po 2004 roku, kiedy Polska stała się państwem członkowskim Unii Europejskiej i kiedy wielu Polaków znalazło zatrudnienie za granicami własnego kraju. Większość migrantów z Polski, relatywnie dobrze wykształconych, młodych i mających przykre doświadczenia w kraju wysyłającym, radzi sobie w nowych okolicznościach społecznych i zawodowych całkiem dobrze i wyraża zadowolenie z powodu podjęcia decyzji o wyjeździe. Z tego punktu widzenia problematyka migracji jest bardzo ważna i aktualna. Kiedy ludzie migrują z jednego narodu czy kultury do odmiennych, ich tożsamość kulturowa oraz ich poczucie przynależności podlega zmianom. Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie: W jakim stopniu środowisko społeczno-kulturowe różnicuje dystans społeczny wobec obcych emigrantów polskich w Niemczech, ludności miejscowej oraz Polaków zamieszkujących w kraju? W prezentowanym artykule poruszone zostały różnice dotyczące dystansu społecznego badanych wobec osób innych narodowości oraz wobec wyznawców innych religii.
UK
У статті розглядаються теоретичні та методологічні аспекти формування міжнародного іміджу держави через вирішення наступних завдань: аналіз концептуальних підходів до визначення державного іміджу; визначення чинників, що впливають на формування ефективного іміджу держави на міжнародній арені; формулювання основних особливостей державного іміджу та визначення їх впливу на міжнародну конкурентоспроможність держави; визначення критеріїв оцінки та аналіз структури міжнародного іміджу. Імідж є стратегічним інструментом зміцнення позицій і статусу держави та основним критерієм ефективності її діяльності на міжнародній арені. Міжнародний імідж формується під впливом об’єктивних чинників та цілеспрямованої діяльності державних та інших акторів. Автор визначає наступні особливості міжнародного іміджу держави: відображення рівня політичного, соціально-економічного та культурного розвитку держави; акцент на найяскравіших та специфічних характеристиках держави; наявність вагомої емоційної та психологічної складової; символізація деяких аспектів державного життя. Результатом змістовної характеристики іміджу держави є виділення трьох напрямків його формування: геополітичний напрям розглядає географічний простір як територію внутрішньої та зовнішньої політики; маркетинговий напрям забезпечує підтримку зовнішньоекономічної діяльності держави; брендинг сприяє розвитку формальних та неформальних символів держави та її пізнаваності у світі. Таким чином, міжнародний імідж є керованою категорією, що побудована відповідно до національних інтересів держави.
EN
The article considers the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the international image of the state through: analysis of conceptual approaches to the concept of international image of the state; identification of factors influencing the formation of an effective image of the state in the international arena; formulation of essential features of the state image and determination of their influence on the international competitiveness of the state; defining criteria for assessing the international image; analysis of areas of international state image-making. The international image of the state is a strategic tool for strengthening the status of the state in the international arena and the main criterion for its effectiveness. The international image is formed under the influence of natural factors and purposeful activity of state and other actors. The author identifies specific features of the international image of the state: compliance with the level of political, socio-economic and cultural development of the state; emphasis on the brightest and specific characteristics of the state; the presence of significant emotional and psychological composition; easy to display object; symbolization of some aspects of state life. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the state image is to strengthen the status of the state in the international arena. The result of the analysis of the main directions of international state image-making is the allocation of three areas: geopolitical direction forms the idea of geographical space as a territory for domestic and foreign policy; marketing direction provides promotion of economic processes of the state on the world stage; branding direction based on the recognizability of formal and informal symbols of the state contributes to the recognizability of the state on the world stage. Thus, the international image is a manageable category that can be built according to the political or economic demands of the state.
PL
W tekście zostanie przedstawiony problem wartościowania i aktualizacji stereotypów etnicznych o Rosji i Rosjanach (ruski, ruscy, ruskie), realizowany w komunikacji internetowej za pomocą folksonomii (społecznego kategoryzowania treści). Przestrzenią badawczą będzie polski serwis internetowy wykop.pl, którego materiały posłużą do analizy kontekstowej współczesnych realizacji językowych stereotypów etnicznych manifestowanych za pomocą takich obiektów, jak tagi. Operator #rosja wraz z wyekscerpowanymi tagami tworzy kolokacje, otwierające drogę do renegocjowania obrazu stereotypów Rosji i Rosjanina. W ostatniej części tekstu zostaną przedstawione realizacje językowe stereotypów etnicznych Rosja i Rosjanin w tagach wykorzystywanych do dyskredytacji i polaryzacji w publicznym nieoficjalnym dyskursie społecznym.
RU
В статье освещается проблема оценочности и обновления содержания этнических стереотипов о России и россиянах россиянах (ruski, ruscy, ruskie), реализуемая в интернет-коммуникации с помощью фолксономии(социальной категоризации контента). Базой исследования является польский интернет-сервис wykop.pl, материалы которого послужат для контекстного анализа современных языковых реализаций этнических стереотипов, отражаемых с помощью таких объектов, как теги. Оператор #rosja вместе с другими тегами создает коллокации, открывающие путь для реинтерпретации образа стереотипов Россия и россиянин. В дальнейшем будет представлена реализация языковых этнических стереотипов Россия и россиянин в тегах, используемых для дискредитации и поляризации в публичном неофициальном дискурсе социума.
EN
The text presents the issue of  evaluating and updating ethnic stereotypes about Russia and Russians (ruski, ruscy, ruskie) implemented in internet communication using folksonomy (social categorization of content). The research area is the Polish website wykop.pl, the materials of which have been used for the contextual analysis of contemporary implementations of linguistic ethnic stereotypes manifested by objects such as tags. The operator #rosja  (#russia), together with the excerpted tags, creates collocations, opening the way to renegotiating the image of stereotypes Russia and the Russian. The last part of the article presents linguistic implementations of ethnic stereotypes Russia and the Russian in tags used for discrediting and polarization in public unofficial social discourse.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.