Search results - CEJSH

1

Polski eksport w warunkach oewiatowej dekoniunktury (2008–2012). Identyfikacja polskich hitów eksportowych

100%

Michalski B.

International Business and Global Economy

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2014

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vol. Volume 33

663–674

EN

The global economic slowdown, brought about by the financial crisis in the U.S. economy (2007–2009), resulted in a significant drop in the world trade and had an impact on the Polish economy. While the world exports fell by 22,9% in 2009, the decrease noted in the Polish one was lesser (20,5%), which can be interpreted as an evidence that companies in Poland made effective use of their comparative advantages. The aim of this paper is to analyse structural changes in Polish export: its main commodities, markets, and technological intensity in the period 2008–2012 along with an identification of sections characterized by the most dynamic growth. For the purpose of this research trade data disaggregated by goods according to the Harmonised System (HS) were used and the evolution of revealed comparative advantages (RCA) was covered. Polish export facing the consequences of the global slowdown did not, however, bring about any significant improvement of structural competitiveness of the economy in terms of its technological intensity. This means that there is a great deal of challenges related to a scenario in which the existing developmental gap would be preserved

2

Foreign Trade of Biomass for Energy Purposes in Poland in the Years 2008–2014

100%

Gradziuk B., Gradziuk P.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 3(41)

153-159

EN

The obligation of renewable energy production and the opportunities for additional large revenue from green certificates has led to an increased interest in biomass derived from imports. During the period under study, imports of biomass to Poland increased nearly eight times: from 423 thousand tons to 3 591 thousand tons. Agro biomass imports showed higher dynamics (1160%), including in particular sunflower husks and sunflower and palm oil cake. During the same period, imports of forest biomass increased by 478%, of mainly firewood and wood chips. By 2007, the vast majority of imported biomass had come from the current European Union countries (nearly 50%, the highest amounts from Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia and Germany), and the structure of imports was divided roughly evenly into agro and forestry sourced biomass. The introduction of mandatory restrictions on the use of forest biomass resulted in a significant increase in non-forest biomass share in the total imports of biomass, which have also significantly increased from year to year. In the last three years, agro biomass imports from the EU and Ukraine have accounted for almost 65% of total imports of biomass for energy purposes. A dramatic increase has also been observed in the imports of exotic biomass, although in relatively small absolute values: from 0 in 2009 to about 65 thousand tonnes in 2010 and 2011, and to more than 600 thousand tonnes in 2014.

PL

Obowiązek produkcji energii odnawialnej i możliwość dodatkowego dużego przychodu z tytułu zielonych certyfikatów spowodowały wzrost zainteresowania biomasą pochodzącą z importu. W badanym okresie import biomasy do Polski zwiększył się blisko ośmiokrotnie: z 423 tys. ton do 3 591 tys. ton. Wyższą dynamiką charakteryzował się import biomasy agro (1160%), w tym przede wszystkim łuski słonecznikowej oraz makuchów słonecznikowych i palmowych. Do 2007 r. zdecydowana większość importowanej biomasy pochodziła z krajów obecnej Unii Europejskiej (prawie 60%, najwięcej z Litwy, Łotwy, Słowacji i Niemiec) i dzieliła się mniej więcej po połowie na biomasę agro i leśną. Wprowadzenie ograniczeń wymuszających wykorzystanie biomasy nieleśnej spowodowało znaczny wzrost udziału biomasy agro w całkowitym imporcie biomasy, który również znacząco rośnie z roku na rok. W ostatnich trzech latach import biomasy agro z krajów UE i Ukrainy stanowi prawie 66% całego importu biomasy na cele energetyczne. Skokowy jest również przyrost importu biomasy egzotycznej, choć w stosunkowo niewielkich wielkościach bezwzględnych: od 0 w 2009 przez ok. 65 tys. ton w 2010 i 2011 do ponad 600 tys. ton w 2014 r.

3

Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union - food products vs selected groups of non-food products

100%

Szczepaniak I.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 2

287-308

EN

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector's products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa?s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003-2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003-2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import - more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

4

Central and Eastern European states in global production linkages: country-level and sector-level analysis

100%

Cieślik E.

Przegląd Europejski

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2017

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vol. 2017 (44)(2)

38-60

EN

The paper evaluates Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEEs) location in global vertical specialization (global value chains, GVCs). To locate each country in global value chains (upstream or downstream segment/market) and to compare them with the selected countries, a very selective methodology was adopted. We concluded that (a) CEE countries differ in the levels of their participation in production linkages. Countries that have stronger links with Western European countries, especially with Germany, are more integrated; (b) a large share of the CEE countries’ gross exports passes through Western European GVCs; (c) most exporters in Central and Eastern Europe are positioned in the downstream segments of production rather than in the upstream markets. JEL classification: F14, F15.

5

Efekty handlowe włączenia Polski do jednolitego rynku towarowego

100%

Czermińska M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2017

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issue 2(363)

295-309

EN

Trade on the EU single internal market is regulated by a customs union established on 1st July, 1968. It has an internal dimension, based on one of the freedoms of the common market, i.e. the free movement of goods, as well as an external one, connected with the common trade policy, which involves, among others, introduction of the common customs duty tariff in import. The aim of the article is to show the trade effects of Poland's inclusion into the EU single internal market for goods a decade after Poland became a member of the EU. The integration processes, particularly the creation of the common market without internal customs borders, are a major influence in Poland’s trade exchange, both within the union and outside it. Therefore, it is in this area that the impact of the accession was most readily noticeable.

6

Handel zagraniczny produktami rolno-spożywczymi Unii Europejskiej

100%

Ambroziak Ł., Szczepaniak I.

Studia BAS

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2016

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issue 4(48)

193-223

EN

The article provides an overview of the changes in agri-food trade conducted by the EU member states in the years 2004–2015. The paper begins with a presentation of the EU regulations on trade with the third countries and trade within the Single European Market. Next, the paper focuses on the changes in agri-food trade of the EU (as a whole) with the third countries, paying a special attention to the impact of the Russian ban on food imports. The final section gives a detailed analysis on the changes to the Polish agri-food trade, both with the EU and non-EU countries. The authors show that during the analyzed period agri-food trade was growing dynamically not just in Poland but also in the EU, however higher growth rates were recorded in Poland.

7

Asymmetry of foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and Poland

100%

Motoryn R., Prykhodko K., Ślusarczyk B.

Statistics in Transition new series

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2020

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vol. 21

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issue 2

143-156

EN

The article identifies the determinants of the asymmetry of foreign trade turnover between Ukraine and Poland based on an analysis of competitiveness indicators of the studied countries in the period 2003−2017. The emphasis is on calculation of the comparative advantages of particular commodity headings in Polish exports in the domestic market of Ukraine. Potential directions of the intensification of bilateral trade were evaluated.

8

Analysis of the Competitive Position of EU Countries in Foreign Trade with the Use of the CMS and Ward’s Methods

100%

Salamaga M.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2019

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vol. 66

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issue 1

69-83

EN

The purpose of the article is the multivariate analysis of export competitiveness in EU countries. It is based on the decomposition of changes in the exports of EU countries made using the model of Constant Market Share developed by Leamer and Stern (1970). The calculated effects of competitiveness, commodity composition, world trade and market distribution allow a detailed analysis of the sources of changes in export of compared countries, and in particular help to answer the question to what extent can changes in exports explain the global trade situation and to what extent do they result from proper proportion of market share, appropriate product assortment matching, or expansive exporter policy? In the comparative analysis there is used Ward's method, which allowed to indicate countries with the most similar competitive position in the spatial and commercial system in the field of goods with different shares of production factors. The presented results allow for a multidirectional comparison of the trade competitiveness of EU countries, as well as may be a source of important information on shaping the right proportions of participation and expansion of companies on foreign markets.

9

State of Firm Internationalisation in the Małopolska Region

100%

Belniak M.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2016

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vol. Volume 30, Issue 1

30-46

EN

For many years, the analysis of the factors of the internationalisation of firms has been a research topic, both in the area of international business theory – in management studies, and in firm internationalisation theory – in economics. The paper presents the diagnosis of the state of the internationalisation of firms conducting their activities in Małopolska Voivodeship, carried out on the basis of available government and self-government statistics. The author makes an assessment and partial evaluation of the situation from the angle of the adopted determinants, such as: an analysis of foreign trade turnover, an analysis of foreign direct investment and an analysis of business process outsourcing. The paper presents the profile of the economic activeness of Małopolska Region against the investment attractiveness of voivodeships in Poland, an authorial typogram of the economic potential of Małopolska Region against the background of the country, as well as the investment attractiveness of this region for investors, alongside the factors shaping it, considering seven major determinants.

10

Some Issues Concerning the Formation of the Common Economic Space of Kazakhstan, Russia and Belarus

100%

Kozłowski W., Kerimova U., Yessengaziyeva S., Rakhimzhanova G.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2014

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vol. 9

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issue 3

225-235

EN

The article discusses the issues of creating a common economic zone with the countries of the Common Economic Space by comparing this economic area to the area of the European Union. Analysis of contracts for its establishment is for consideration, as well as the pluses and minus of the implementation of the grant agreement on the CES industrial countries. A comparison of these two economic zones with similar economic problems will enable the future of their cooperation.

11

What determines firms’ innovation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

100%

Afandi E., Kermani M.

Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business

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2014

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vol. 14

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issue 1

1-20

EN

By employing a rich sample of firm-level data in seven Eastern Europe and Central Asian countries from Europe and Central Asia, our paper investigates core as well as some specific determinants of firm innovation. We find that the likelihood of engaging in innovation for a firm increases with its core socio-economic characteristics such as size, age, capacity utilization, domestic competition and foreign ownership. In addition to the estimates of these socio-economic covariates, the ultimate purpose of our study is to obtain more in-depth knowledge about the policy implacable factors for firm innovation that the countries could focus on. These policy-related factors are: (i) access to finance, (ii) human capital, and (iii) foreign trade. In this respect, our study finds that firm’s innovation increases with better financial inclusion, greater human capital and engagement in foreign trade. We argue that these analysis and results, coupled with inclusive and targeted policies, can be used to enrich the process of private sector innovation in the region’s countries.

12

The international trade policy in the american political system

100%

Ogrodniczuk M.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2015

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vol. 12

159-172

EN

United States foreign policy, including trade policy, is a complicated process, complex mechanism, with many institutions participating. There are many participants in the process of US foreign trade policy-making. The article focuses on the description of the most important players in the foreign trade policy game and their influence on the subject.

13

DEVELOPMENT OF PIG MARKET IN POLAND AGAINST EU BACKGROUND

100%

Bórawski P., Tarnowska N., Żuchowski I.

Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy

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2018

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issue (11)

235-244

EN

The paper considers the development of the pig market in Poland. The article presents pork production and consumption in households. The analysis covered production costs, stock structure and pig exports in EU countries. Tabular, graph and descriptive method were used in the analysis of data. The paper use secondary data which source was meat market and MSO. The research shows that Poland occupies in the production of swine fifth position after Germany, Denmark, France and Spain. In Poland, in recent years, there has been a drop in the pig population, which were mainly the result of growing competition on international markets and the spread of ASF.

14

Vliv rozpadu sovětského bloku na československo-sovětské hospodářské vztahy v letech 1989–1992

100%

Fabianková K., Kashapov T., Jakubec I.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2014

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vol. 100

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issue 1

113-139

EN

The paper, which is divided into two parts, analyzes the effects of the breakdown of the Soviet bloc on the development of Soviet-Czechoslovak economic relations in the period of 1989–1992. The first section describes the influence of specified factors on bilateral trade in the years 1989–1990. The second part examines changes in the structure of mutual trade cooperation in the phase of renewal and modernization of bilateral relations (1991– 1992). The intensity of mutual trade was reduced during this period, but the structure never changed. Czechoslovakia remained an important exporter of the general engineering products to the Soviet Union, and the USSR kept its place as the main supplier of raw materials and fuels for the CSFR. Given this structure of trade, the cooperation between its successor countries may be considered to have been mutually advantageous, especially in the engineering and raw materials transportation and processing sectors.

15

Development of Intra-industry Trade as a Measure of Competitiveness of the Polish Food Sector

100%

Szczepaniak I.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2013

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issue 2

147-164

EN

This article aims at analysing the significance of the intra-industry trade in the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products and assessment of the competitiveness of the Polish food sector on this basis. The analysis uses, first of all, the index introduced by Grubel and Lloyd (hereinafter referred to as GL index), which is a commonly used indicator of intra-industry trade intensity and one of the measures of international competitiveness. The analysis showed that in the period of Poland’s membership in the European Union the foreign trade in agri-food products noted a significant boost and the competitive position of Polish food producers improved on the international scale. At the same time, the intensity level of intra-industry trade in these products increased considerably. In 2001-2011, the importance of intra-industry trade in the Polish agri-food trade increased by over 14 percentage points. Consequently, in 2011 almost 50% of the trade in agri-food products was intra-industry trade. A predominant part of this exchange was horizontal intra-industry trade, including trade in goods differentiated in respect to a given industry that were relatively highly processed and showed a high level of substitutability between each other. The intra-industry trade in differentiated products of lower level of processing was less intensive. These products included agricultural raw materials and homogeneous products. Moreover, as regards the food sector a quite significant part was played by vertical intra-industry trade, including re-export, i.e. export of finished goods manufactured form raw materials imported from other climate zones. The growing intensity level of intra-industry trade in agri-food products is one of the markers of high competitiveness of the Polish food producers.

16

Udział nowych państw członkowskich (UE-10) w globalnych łańcuchach wartości w pierwszych latach po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

89%

Cieślik E.

Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej

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2016

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issue 10

291-302

EN

The aim of this article is to analyse changes in foreign trade in the so-called new member states (EU-10) and the role these states play in global value chains (GVCs) as a result of liber alisation and integration with the EU. The hypothesis of this article is: the position in GVCs of analyzed states has improved significantly since the EU accession. The study focuses on trade linkages among countries before and after the accession. The article focuses on the country-level and sectoral-level value-added analysis. To ensure consistency and comparability of results, the data sources were databases kept by international organisations, mainly OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added and World Input-Output Database.

PL

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie zmian w handlu zagranicznym i roli nowych państw członkowskich UE (UE-10) w globalnych łańcuchach wartości na tle procesów liberalizacyjnych i procesu integracji z Unią Europejską (UE). Przeprowadzone badanie ma na celu zweryfikowanie następującej hipotezy: pozycja nowych krajów członkowskich w globalnych łańcuchach wartości po akcesji do UE znacząco wzrosła. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na analiziepowiązań handlowych przed przystąpieniem do UE i kilka lat po tej akcesji. Artykuł koncentruje się na analizie wartości dodanej na poziomie krajów i branż. W celu utrzymania jednolitościi porównywalności otrzymanych wyników badań w opracowaniu posłużono się bazami danych organizacji międzynarodowych, głównie OECD-WTO Trade in Value Added oraz World Input-Output Database.

17

Foreign trade between China and the Czech Republic

88%

Vojtěch S., Petr Š.

Littera Scripta

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2016

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issue 3

84-95

EN

International trade is based on the mutual exchange of goods and services in which one country has a comparative advantage over another. The advantage may relate to the availability of raw materials, knowledge of technologies or the lower cost of production of a certain article. The advantage of such transactions is clear. Each country acquires goods or services that are too expensive or cannot be produced in their own country. However, despite the advantages, there are also a number of obstacles to this trade. These obstacles are not only in the form of transport distances, but also customs barriers and administration. In spite of the fact that China and Europe are relatively distant from each other, they have been trading together for hundreds of years. In this time, the structure and the amount of goods and services which are traded has changed quite substantially. The aim of this article is to analyse the structure of foreign trade between China and the Czech Republic.

18

Misja handlowo-dyplomatyczna Rolfa Andrvorda w Polsce w sierpniu i wrześniu 1945 roku

88%

Denkiewicz-Szczepaniak E.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2012

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vol. 77

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issue 3

23-50

EN

The article presents the activity of the well known Norwegian diplomat Rolf Otto Andvord, who as the ambassador of the Kingdom of Norway was responsible for establishing contacts with Poland’s Provisional Government of National Unity in order to purchase Polish coal and to make necessary steps to set up a Norwegian diplomatic post in Warsaw. The article consists of five parts. The first part introduces Rolf Otto Andvord. The subsequent parts describe the stages of Andvord’s activity connected with his stay in Warsaw, Katowice and Stockholm. During his first stay in Warsaw (30 July–8 August) he found the site for the Norwegian diplomatic post and conducted a number of talks, as a result of which he guaranteed the Norwegian government a written statement of the Polish authorities concerning the issue of coal. The second stage of his activity constituted talks with Norwegian experts and the foreign secretary of Sweden Unden in reference to the purchase of coal. Th e third stage of the negotiations overlapping with his second stay in Poland at the end of August consisted in detailed negotiations and decisions made with Polish experts in reference to the temporary trade agreement signed on 29 Aug 1945. During his third and last stay in Poland on 8–14 Sept Andvord struggled for the so-called additional protocol to the above-mentioned agreement. He led the talks himself, also after 14 September during his stay in Moscow. However, the protocol was signed on 3 October by the consul-general Lauritz Myreboe, who had accompanied Andvord since 8 September and was the official representative of Norway in Warsaw until the envoy Alfred Danielsen arrived in Warsaw on 12 November.

19

Udział Polski w handlu międzynarodowym mlekiem i jego przetworami w latach 2003-2014

88%

Kowalska A.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2014

|

issue 3(3)

35-48

EN

This paper presents the changes that have occurred in the export and import of milk and milk products after 2004. The analysis made for the period 2003-2014 based on data from Central Statistical Office and the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Food Economy. To illustrate the changes in exports and imports of dairy products the dynamics of change in the analyzed period was calculated, as well as the quantitative and valuable structure of Polish imports and exports of these products in 2003 and 2013. There was also used a clustering analysis of features and objects in the paper. The international trade of Polish dairy articles has gained importance due to the accession of Poland to the European Union. Poland is primarily an exporter of unprocessed or processed to a small extent productes, i.e. liquid milk and cream, whey and milk powder. From dairy products mainly cheese and curd are exported. However, Poland is not a known exporter of ice cream or yogurt and fermented beverages. Since 2004, the main importer of Polish dairy products are the EU countries. In 2013, more than 70.1% of all exported dairy products were exported to those countries, while in 2003 only 37%. The reason for such a large increase in exports to the EU countries was largely the abolition of customs duties, the competitive prices of Polish products and their high quality. The exchange rate had also an effect on trade in milk products, as well as other products. Poland also exports, although much less than before the accession to the European Union, to the developed countries and the Commonwealth of Independent States and Central-Eastern Europe. The balance of total dairy articles as well as in the division into processed and unprocessed products was positive in the analyzed period.

20

Miejsce gospodarki polskiej w gospodarce Unii Europejskiej w latach 2003-2014

88%

Gorynia M.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2016

|

issue 4(361)

203-234

EN

The first aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate major changes and trends in the significance of the Polish economy for the European Union economy in the years 2003-2014. The conducted analysis concerns changes in the gross domestic product, exports, imports, inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment. The paper’s second aim is to forecast what the above mentioned variables under analysis will be in the future and to formulate some recommendations with regard to future economic policy.

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