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The liberalisation of China foreign trade policy in the framework of the WTO

100%
Puślecki Z. W.
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
|
2016
|
issue 1 (9)
9-39
EN
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the liberalisation of foreign trade policy of emerging China in the world economy. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the technical progress in P.R.China and the benefits resulting from the liberalised Chinese foreign trade policy. In accordance with the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there is a need for new approaches to trade cooperation in the light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. The key of trade developments within the broader socio-economic context is especially the rise of global supply chains, the general shift of trade power away from the West towards Asia. The main aim of the article is the presentation the liberalisation of foreign trade policy of emerging China in the world economy.
2
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The impact of the rise of global supply chains on the foreign trade policy

100%
Puślecki Z. W.
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
|
2016
|
issue 3 (11)
208-227
EN
The main aim of the article is the indication of the impact of the rise of global supply chains on the foreign trade policy. The subject of the discussion and theoretical contribution in the undertaken research program are new tendencies in international business − the rise of global supply chains, the impact of the rise of global supply chains on the political economy of trade and countries motivations for cooperating on trade policies and the rise of global supply chains and increasing importance of bilateral agreements in the foreign trade policy. It is important to underline that a few multinational firms are responsible for a major share of world trade and for the rise of global supply chains. On the one hand, these firms should support regulatory harmonization across different Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in order to lower trade costs. On the other hand, they might also resist harmonization – and encourage certain non-tariff measures – in order to prevent new competitors from entering markets. This may partly explain the persistence of regulatory divergence, and suggests that the political economy of regulatory convergence, especially in the conditions of the rise of global supply chains, may be more complex than is sometimes suggested
3
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Current Trends in Foreign Trade Theory and Policy

100%
Puślecki Z. W.
Polish Political Science Yearbook
|
2017
|
vol. 2 (46)
135–149
EN
In this research work, Author focus on the current analysis trends in foreign trade theory and policy. Accordance with the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openness to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there is the need for new approaches to trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the new models of the foreign trade policy and trade interests. First of all, it must underline that in the new theoretical terms in demand for trade policy very important is factor specificity. The low specificity of factors means that factor returns are equalized throughout a region’s economy. On the other hand, some factors are stuck in their present uses; therefore, factor returns are not equalized throughout a region’s economy but are industry specific. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of current trends in foreign trade theory and policy and in particular models of foreign trade policy, trade interests indicated by export orientation and import sensitivity, foreign trade policy in different types of authoritarian regimes, protectionist pressures in different political system, the level of protectionist pressures, the tendencies to bilateralism in the foreign trade policy. It should be stressed that free trade in itself is not responsible for economic growth, but more significant are the determining macroeconomic stability and increasing investment.
4
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The specificity of regulatory protectionism in contemporary foreign trade policy

100%
Puślecki Z. W.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
|
2018
|
issue 509
354-372
EN
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the problem of specificity the regulatory protectionism in contemporary foreign trade policy. It has been emphasized that the talks between EU and USA will make reducing regulatory barriers. New agreements to remove trade barriers aim at reducing dead-weight costs and at increasing net social gains from international trade. The article examined the impact of investor-state dispute resolution mechanisms in reducing the power of national governments to regulate and elimination of market inequality. The article offers examples of successful regulatory cooperation efforts in the hope that it will shed light on possible approaches to addressing regulatory divergences. Ideally, the best way to address problems arising from regulatory divergence would be on a multilateral basis. The main aim of the article is the presentation of the specificity of the regulatory protectionism in contemporary foreign trade policy.
5
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Trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business

67%
Puślecki Z. W.
Przegląd Politologiczny
|
2021
|
issue 4
5-36
PL
W tej pracy badawczej, autor koncentruje się na analizie współpracy handlowej w świetle sił, które są obecnie re-shaping międzynarodowego biznesu. Zgodnie z teorią polityki handlu zagranicznego dalsza liberalizacja handlu i ulepszone polityki ramowe zwiększyłyby handel i promowałyby wzrost. Należy podkreślić, że otwartość na handel wiąże się z wyższymi dochodami i wzrostem, dlatego też istnieje potrzeba nowych podejść do współpracy handlowej. Tym, co wskazuje na znaczenie i innowacyjność badań, jest przedstawienie nowych modeli polityki handlu zagranicznego i interesów handlowych. Należy przede wszystkim podkreślić, że w nowych ujęciach teoretycznych w zapotrzebowaniu na politykę handlową bardzo ważne są czynniki specyficzne. Niska specyficzność czynników oznacza, że zwroty czynników są wyrównywane przez gospodarkę regionu. Z drugiej strony niektóre czynniki utknęły w swoich dotychczasowych zastosowaniach, dlatego w takim przypadku zwroty czynników produkcji nie są wyrównywane przez gospodarkę regionu, ale są specyficzne dla danego przemysłu. Głównym celem zadania badawczego jest wszechstronna analiza aktualnych tendencji w teorii i polityce handlu zagranicznego, a w szczególności modeli polityki handlu zagranicznego, interesów handlowych określanych przez orientację eksportową i wrażliwość importową, polityki handlu zagranicznego w różnych typach reżimów autorytarnych, presji protekcjonistycznych w różnych systemach politycznych, poziomu presji protekcjonistycznych, zróżnicowania polityki handlu zagranicznego między państwami, liberalizacji polityki handlu zagranicznego Chin i jej skutków, tendencji do liberalizacji handlu międzynarodowego i problemu ochrony środowiska oraz tendencji do bilateralizmu w polityce handlu zagranicznego. Należy podkreślić, że wolny handel sam w sobie nie jest odpowiedzialny za wzrost gospodarczy, ważniejsze są natomiast czynniki decydujące o stabilności makroekonomicznej oraz zwiększające inwestycje.
EN
In this research work, Author focus on the analysis trade cooperation in light of the forces that are currently re-shaping international business. Accordance to the foreign trade policy theory further trade liberalisation and improved framework policies would increase trade and promote growth. It must be emphasized that openess to trade is associated with higher incomes and growth and there are the need for new approaches to trade cooperation. What indicates the importance and innovativeness of the research is the presentation of the new models of the foreign trade policy and trade interests. First of all it must underline that in the new theoretical terms in the demand for trade policy very important is factor specificity. The low specificity of factors means that factor returns are equalized throughout a region’s economy. On the other hand some factors are stuck in their present uses; therefore, factor returns are not equalized throughout a region’s economy, but are industry specific. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of current trends in foreign trade theory and policy and in particulary the models of foreign trade policy, trade interests indicated by export orientation and import sensitivity, foreign trade policy in different types of authoritarian regimes, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, the variation in the foreign trade policy among states, the liberalisation of China foreign trade policy and their effects, the tendencies to international trade liberalisation and the problem of environmental protection, and the tendencies to bilateralism in the foreign trade policy. It should be stressed that free trade in itself is not responsible for economic growth, but more significant are the determining macroeconomic stability and increasing investment.
6

The Concept of the Social Market Economy and Economic Policy as the Foundations of Economic Growth in the Federal Republic of Germany, After World War II

67%
Klimiuk Z.
Roczniki Ekonomii i Zarządzania
|
2009
|
vol. 1(37)
5-38
PL
Początek lat 50. zamyka okres odbudowy gospodarek państw Europy Zachodniej zniszczonych na skutek działań wojennych. W większości krajów został już osiągnięty lub nieco przekroczony poziom rozwoju z okresu międzywojennego. Pod względem tempa produkcji RFN znacznie wyprzedziła swoich dotychczasowych głównych rywali ekonomicznych w Europie Zachodniej - Wielką Brytanię oraz Francję. W okresie 1950-1958 średnioroczne tempo wzrostu produkcji wynosiło w RFN 11%, podczas gdy w Wielkiej Brytanii - 2,6, a we Francji - 6,7%. Powojenny wzrost produkcji przemysłowej RFN, umożliwiający osiągnięcie już po kilku latach wyższego niż przed wojną poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego, nie był zjawiskiem nowym w historii gospodarczej Niemiec. Podobna tendencja wystąpiła w gospodarce niemieckiej w latach 20. XX wieku. Procesy te w literaturze ekonomicznej są określane jako „niemiecki cud gospodarczy” i są związane z koncepcją społecznej gospodarki rynkowej (SGR). Teoretyczne podstawy SGR stworzyła Szkoła Fryburska, zwana inaczej ordoliberalną.
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