In the 13th and the 14th century, grand dukes had exclusive rights to the forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They maintained these rights in the 15th century despite the fact that the rights to royal forests and aquatic had been widely distributed since the reign of Vytautas. Beginning in the second decade of the 16th century, grand dukes became increasingly interested in the productivity of land belonging to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in particular forests and aquatic resources. Their concern was largely motivated by the financial burden placed on the Lithuanian treasury in connection with the Muscovite- Lithuanian wars and the economic reforms implemented by Queen Bona and Sigismundus II Augustus. The monarchs passed laws regulating access to royal land in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These regulations improved the management of royal land, protected forests against illegal logging and prevented excessive exploitation of water fauna (especially fish).
The forest is becoming an important factor in maintaining the climate balance. Forest has a great influence on the regulation of global warming. In addition, forest plantations became the basis for conservation and recreation of biological diversity of flora and fauna. In connection with the aggravation of the ecological situation and the deepening of economic contradictions, the forest as a complex of resources for national security takes on special significance. The article examines the factors of changing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of forest resources. The institutional problems of forest use and protection are considered. The analysis of joint management of forest resources in transboundary regions of Ukraine and Poland is given. Great attention is paid to assessing the assimilation potential of forest resources. The possibility of rational use of transegrain forests with the participation of international organizations is substantiated. The necessity of improving the ecological and legal relations between the European Union and Ukraine is substantiated.
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