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1

Peregrin o pravidlách u Wittgensteina

100%

Čana T.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2016

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vol. 64

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issue 2

259-272

EN

In an attempt to solve “the problem of rule-following” in his book Člověk a pravidla (Man and Rules) Jaroslav Peregrin draws on a certain interpretation of notes by the late-Wittgenstein. The main aim of this study is to demonstrate that this interpretation is seriously incomplete. In other words, this study does not take issue with Peregrin’s own conception of rules as social institutions which are nothing but our creation, but with his presentation of Wittgenstein as a proponent of this view. Wittegenstein’s notes in the Philosophical Investigations argue that speakers’ agreement in psychological and physiological experiencing and expression are a necessary condition for many social institutions, being a sine qua non for their creation and their functioning. A basic assumption here is that even the actual act of constituting an institution must be built upon something.

2

Dwie (anty)filozoficzne „gramatyki” Ludwiga Wittgensteina

67%

Czesna E., Nowaczyk A.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2013

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issue nr 23

45-70

EN

Wittgenstein is the author of two conceptions of “grammar”, that were meant to be tools of reaching the same goal: discrediting of the traditional, i.e. “metaphysical” questions of philosophy. His early conception concerns logical grammar being the language of logic notation, which is devoid of logical constants. This idea was supported by the ontological thesis that there are no logical objects. In fact, it was not indispensable for achieving the intended purpose, since the elimination of philosophical problems was provided by the semantic argument that the only sensible statements are those of the natural sciences. The second concept of grammar, presented in the writings of the later Wittgenstein, seems more ambiguous. Grammar is a set of rules of the language game, having a status of grammatical statements. Examples of such statements are diverse, and desirable, according to the authors, reformulation of them all into concrete orders or prohibitions seems problematic. In the Investigations Wittgenstein distinguishes between deep and surface grammar, which serves to determine the proper task of philosophy as description of the deep grammar (especially the grammar of philosophically relevant words). In this sense New Philosophy is a kind of philosophical grammar. Wittgensteinian grammar is also anti-philosophical, as it aims at the elimination of erroneous (pseudo)metaphysical claims derived from misleading forms of surface grammar. Despite the differences in the concepts of language and grammar in the early and late Wittgenstein, he has not changed his critical approach to the traditional philosophical questions.

3

Support for the Design of Active Life at a Turning Point

67%

Guichard J.

Studia Poradoznawcze

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2022

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vol. 11

EN

Today, most interventions supporting the construction of active lives have as their sole final purpose helping people enter the job market and manage their employability and careers. The seriousness of the multidimensional crisis that has been growing for several decades now urges redirecting these interventions to a different purpose: that of contributing to the achievement of the objectives and goals defined by the major international organisations (and the experts in these matters) in order to cope with this crisis. Developing these new interventions is premised on grounding them in a transformed conceptual framework, where the concepts of the ‘form of life’ (Spranger, Agamben) and ‘active life’ (Arendt) hold the central place and are articulated with the notion of ‘capability’ (Sen). The ultimate purpose of this new support for the construction of actives life is to enable individuals, groups and communities to develop and mobilise the necessary capabilities for designing and implementing the forms of active life that are both economically and ecologically sustainable and humanely fair.

PL

Większość wdrażanych obecnie działań wspierających jednostki w konstruowaniu aktywnego życia ma na celu li tylko pomóc im wejść na rynek pracy, wykazać się zatrudnialnością i zarządzać własną karierą. Jednakże w obliczu powagi wielowymiarowego, narastającego przez dziesięciolecia kryzysu działania te należy nakierować na inny priorytet tak, by przyczyniały się one również do osiągnięcia krótko i długofalowych celów zdefiniowanych przez najważniejsze organizacje międzynarodowe (oraz ekspertów w tej dziedzinie) w ramach prób opanowania tego kryzysu. Wypracowując takie nowe działania, musimy osadzić je na przedefiniowanych fundamentach koncepcyjnych, wspartych przede wszystkim na pojęciach „forma życia” (Spranger, Agamben) i „życie aktywne” (Arendt) w połączeniu z koncepcją „zdolności” (Sen). Ostatecznym celem tak przekształconych działań wspierających konstruowanie aktywnego życia jest umożliwianie jednostkom, grupom i społecznościom rozwoju i aktywowania zdolności niezbędnych, aby projektować i realizować ekonomicznie i ekologicznie zrównoważone, a także sprawiedliwe, formy aktywnego życia.

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1 Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 Studia Poradoznawcze

1 Czesna E.

1 Guichard J.

1 Nowaczyk A.

1 Čana T.

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Peregrin o pravidlách u Wittgensteina

Dwie (anty)filozoficzne „gramatyki” Ludwiga Wittgensteina

Support for the Design of Active Life at a Turning Point