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Personal formaldehyde exposure level in the gross anatomy dissecting room at college of medicine King Saud University Riyadh

100%
Vohra M. S.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2011
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vol. 24
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issue 1
108-113
EN
Introduction: This study was conducted to correlate the personal formaldehyde (FA) exposure levels of instructors and students with the indoor FA concentrations in gross anatomy laboratory at King Saud University. The personal FA levels of instructors and students are higher than the indoor FA concentration in the gross anatomy laboratory. Materials and Methods: The gross anatomy laboratory at college of medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, was observed for indoor FA concentration and the personal exposure levels of instructors and the medical students during the 4th, 10th and 14th weeks of the dissection sessions. All air samples were collected by the diffusive sampling device and analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The personal exposure level of FA was higher than the indoor concentration, and the personal exposure levels of instructors were higher than that of the students. The concentration of FA was also higher in the center of the room than the corners and near the doors. Conclusion: Both the indoor FA concentrations and personal FA exposure levels are higher near the dissecting table than at locations away from it during the gross anatomy laboratory sessions. Thus, the instructors and students are exposed to the higher concentration of FA than the general population.
2
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Concomitant contact allergy to formaldehyde and methacrylic monomers in students of dental medicine and dental patients

86%
Lyapina M., Dencheva M., Krasteva A., Tzekova M., Kisselova-Yaneva A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 5
797-807
EN
Objectives: A multitude of acrylic monomers is used in dentistry. Formaldehyde is a ubiquitous chemical agent, which is an ingredient of some dental materials and may be released from methacrylate-based composites. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the incidence and the risk of cross-sensitization to some methacrylic monomers (methylmethacrylate – MMA, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate – TEGDMA, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate – EGDMA, 2,2-bis-[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacrylo-xypropoxy)phenyl]-propane – Bis-GMA, 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate 2-HEMA, and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate) and formaldehyde in students of dentistry, dental professionals and dental patients. Material and Methods: A total of 139 participants were included in the study, i.e., occupationally exposed dental professionals, students of the 3rd, 4th and 6th year of dental medicine, and occupationally unexposed dental patients. They were patch-tested with methacrylic monomers and formaldehyde. The results were subjected to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Results: From the allergic to formaldehyde students of the 3rd and 4th year of dental medicine, 46.2% were also sensitized to MMA. Among the group of patients, the incidence of cross-sensitization to formaldehyde and methacrylic monomers was as follows: to TEGDMA – 20.6%, to ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate – 20.7%, to 2-HEMA – 20.7% and to tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate – 24.1%. Contact allergy to MMA was diagnosed among 22.7%, and to TEGDMA – among 27.1% of the students of the 3rd and 4th year of dental medicine. In the group of occupationally unexposed dental patients the prevalence of contact allergy to ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate was 20.7%, to Bis-GMA – 27.6%, to 2-HEMA – 44.9% and to tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate – 38.0%. Conclusions: The students of the 3rd and 4th year of dental medicine could be outlined as a group at risk of sensitization to MMA and TEGDMA and of cross-sensitization to MMA and formaldehyde. Probably, due to the ubiquitous occurrence of formaldehyde and the wide use of composite resins and bonding agents containing TEGDMA, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2-HEMA and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate in dentistry, the group of dental patients could be at risk of cross-sensitization to formaldehyde and some methacrylic monomers.
3
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Formalin safety in anatomic pathology workflow and integrated air monitoring systems for the formaldehyde occupational exposure assessment

86%
Dugheri S., Massi D., Mucci N., Berti N., Cappelli G., Arcangeli G.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 34
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issue 3
319-338
EN
The potential carcinogenicity of formaldehyde (FA) has prompted increasing preventive measures in anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories and new strategies aimed at innovating airborne FA monitoring systems. This review provides an updated overview of the most recent improvements in preventive measures, safe practices, and exposure monitoring tools in the FA usage and handling. A computer-based search of scientific and non-scientific sources was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Google and Google Patents databases, querying the main topics of real-time, in-continuous FA monitoring instruments for sale, and commercially available tools for improving preventive measures in formalin management. In order to simplify the sampling process and to choose a better analytic solution to FA assessment, the main characteristics of each FA monitoring instrument were described. The novel technical tools recently introduced on the global market, aimed at reducing FA emissions in AP laboratories, were summarized. This review is directed at anatomic pathologists to draw their attention to the rapidly growing field of safe formalin practices. A repeated exposure assessment is recommended to evaluate technical changes in air monitoring programs to keep FA emissions low, in compliance with the limit value; thus, evolved monitoring devices are needed.
4
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Quantitative olfactory disorders and occupational exposure to phenolic resins

58%
Riccó M., Signorelli C., Pistelli E., Cattani S.
Medycyna Pracy
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2016
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vol. 67
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issue 2
173-186
PL
Wstęp Celem badania przekrojowego było określenie zależności między zawodową ekspozycją na żywice fenolowe (phenolic resins – PR) a ilościowymi zaburzeniami węchu (quantitative olfactory disorders – QOD), tj. zgłaszanymi przez pacjentów upośledzeniami węchu (self-reported olfactory impairment – SROI). Materiał i metody Sześćdziesięciu sześciu pracowników (45 mężczyzn, 21 kobiet) w wieku (średnia ± odchylenie standardowe) 39,8±10,15 roku podzielono na 3 grupy na podstawie wartości oznaczanych w moczu wskaźników narażenia biologicznego (biological exposure indices – BEI) dla fenoli. Następnie w zależności od zaburzeń węchu – ich braku lub występowania w ciągu ostatnich 2 miesięcy – badanych podzielono na grupy: normosmiotyczną, hiposmiotyczną i hiperosmiotyczną. Wyniki Upośledzenie węchu zgłosiło łącznie 30 badanych (45,5%), w tym hiposmię – 21 osób (31,8%), anosmię – 12 osób (18,2%) i hiperosmię – 9 osób (13,6%). Analiza jednoczynnikowa wykazała, że istnieje zależność między płcią żeńską a występowaniem SROI i hiperosmii. Ponadto SROI było częstsze u pracowników z grupy wysokiego narażenia zawodowego na fenole (iloraz szans – odds ratio (OR) = 4,714; 95% przedział ufności – confidence interval (CI): 1,077–20,626) niż z grupy niskiego narażenia (OR = 1,333; 95% CI: 0,416–4,274) i pracowników nienarażonych (grupa referencyjna). Także analiza wieloczynnikowa wykazała, że płeć żeńska jest głównym czynnikiem ryzyka SROI (skorygowany iloraz szans – adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 5,622; 95% CI: 1,525–20,722) i hiperosmii (ORa = 25,143; 95% CI: 2,379–265,7), natomiast wysokie narażenie na fenol – anosmii (ORa = 11,133; 95% CI: 1,060–116,9). Wnioski Badanie dostarczyło słabych dowodów na istnienie zależności między narażeniem pracowników przemysłu chemicznego na fenol a występowaniem SROI. Na wyniki badania ilościowych zaburzeń węchu (QOD) przeprowadzonego z użyciem ankiety mogły wpłynąć czynniki indywidualne, dlatego koniecznie są dalsze badania z zastosowaniem obiektywnych metod pomiaru. Med. Pr. 2016;67(2):173–186
EN
Background To investigate whether exposure to phenolic resins (PR) is associated with quantitative olfactory disorders (QOD), a cross-sectional study of self-reported olfactory impairment (SROI) was performed in occupationally exposed subjects. Material and Methods Sixty-six workers (45 males, 21 females) at the age (mean ± standard deviation) of 39.8±10.15 years old were divided into 3 exposure groups on the basis of biological exposure indices (BEI) for urinary phenols. It was asked whether the sense of smell has been normal or abnormal during the recent 2 months: the participants were eventually divided into self-reported normosmic, hyposmic, hyperosmic groups. Results Prevalence of the SROI was 45.5%, with 21 (31.8%) workers complaining about the hyposmia, 12 (18.2%) – anosmia and 9 (13.6%) – hyperosmia. In univariate analyses, female sex was associated with the SROI and the hyperosmia. Highly exposed workers showed the SROI more frequently (odds ratio (OR) = 4.714; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.077–20.626) than those not exposed (reference) or low exposed (OR = 1.333; 95% CI: 0.416–4.274). In multivariate analyses, female sex was the main risk factor for the SROI (adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 5.622; 95% CI: 1.525–20.722) and the hyperosmia (ORa = 25.143; 95% CI: 2.379–265.7) but a high exposure to phenol (ORa = 11.133; 95% CI: 1.060–116.9) was the main risk factor for the anosmia. Conclusions This study has found slight evidence among the cross-section of chemical industry workers that the exposure to phenol may be associated with the SROI. On the other hand, self-reporting of the QOD may be biased by personal factors and further research with objective measurement is therefore required. Med Pr 2016;67(2):173–186
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