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Zeszyty Prasoznawcze
|
2013
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
40-50
EN
The paper contains an attempt to reconstruct Tomasz Goban-Klas´ views on the ethics of journalism and media. What was first discussed was the central element of the theoretical construction of the ethical field of the media - the triangle: freedom, responsibility and professionalism. Then the evolution of this idea in the context of evolution and social-communication metamorphosis of the media was traced. It has been found that subjectivity of the human being and media institutions has currently changed to such an extent that the most appropriate description and assessment of media ethics will be to show it in the logic of non-zero-sum games as referred to the collective entity creating the media communication system.
EN
As a literary work, Jean Paul Sartre’s theatrical arts gathered together in a Polishpublication namedDramaspropagates and illustrates in detail the real philosophicalmasterpiece which isBeing and Nothingness. Inspired by the author’s philosophicaldoctrine, dramas were made to show the existential thought. In that way Sartre-philosopher inBeing and Nothingnessreveals his thought in a explicative way. On theother hand, Sartre-playwright by writing dramas creates unrestricted realities whichcan be in various ways projected into the readers’ imagination, and there his generaltheses find detailed application. Philosopher wanted to show the philosophical truththrough literature, and he was very consistent about it.Being and NothingnessandDramascould be treated as sources of knowledge about his philosophy, just like hisnovels or works about his literature. Sartre uses his philosophical program to realizehis ideas for prose. It appears that philosopher did not divide the notion between“philosophical literature” and “literary philosophy”.Sartre is the creator of the theater of situations because characters from hisdramas find themselves in concrete situations and they have to make specific decisions. The dramas of the philosopher have a moralistic tone because we see inthem Sartre’s concept which says that humans may reject the role which societygave him. Man can choose the authentic existence. Philosopher’s mission was toinfluence the readers of his works. He desired to convey to people the truth abouthuman freedom. In conclusion, Sartre’s dramas are a kind of theatrical phenomenon,because as a philosopher he interested the spectator as much as an playwright.
EN
Caucasian exile literature of the 19th century accumulates records of various ways of experiencing freedom in spite of physical enslavement. An objective, external form of manifesting freedom, often taking on a community character, was conducting a political „apostolic” mission consisting in preaching the idea of freedom; conducting research and scientific work, maintaining ties with national literature, reading individual or aloud in group of exiles. No less important, however, was „touching” freedom in an individual, subjective interior: by releasing unlimited spaces of imagination and launching the creative processes of the creative „I”; thanks to dreams and memory; in love, and finally in contact with nature, which was for romantics a gateway to transcendence. The essence of these poetic visions of „liberation” is in fact the projection of a return to the Paradise.
PL
Kaukaska literatura emigracyjna XIX wieku kumuluje zapisy różnych sposobów doświadczania wolności pomimo fizycznego zniewolenia. Obiektywną, zewnętrzną formą manifestowania wolności, często przybierającą charakter wspólnotowy, było prowadzenie politycznej misji „apostolskiej” polegającej na głoszeniu idei wolności; prowadzenie badań i pracy naukowej, utrzymywanie więzi z literaturą narodową, czytanie indywidualne lub głośne w grupie zesłańców. Nie mniej ważne było jednak „dotykanie” wolności w indywidualnym, subiektywnym wnętrzu: poprzez uwolnienie nieograniczonych przestrzeni wyobraźni i uruchomienie procesów twórczych twórczego „ja”; dzięki marzeniom i pamięci; w miłości, wreszcie w kontakcie z naturą, która była dla romantyków bramą do transcendencji. Istotą tych poetyckich wizji „wyzwolenia” jest w istocie projekcja powrotu do Raju.
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