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Kontrola Państwowa
|
2018
|
vol. 63
|
issue 1 (378)
121-135
EN
Business activity related to sales and economic relations in the gas and electric energy market is subject to far reaching limitations, due to other numerous values in the society that call for special protection. These are health and life of people, their wellbeing and the right to use energy, considered as common good, energy security or sustainable development. That is why the gas and electric energy sector is regulated and is subject to far reaching limitations on business activity at its every stage, i.e. starting, conducting, or even resignation from it.
EN
The article deals with the problem of business activity from the perspective of the study of human rights and duties. Freedom of business activity, in its own primordial form, constitutes a human right read from the dignity of a human person. Its constitutional and economic significance requires detailed legal regulating and conducting organized actions by institutions of public administration. In connection with that, the way of realization of this right ought to be developed in the legal system, especially in norms of public economic law and commercial law. The author, in the first place, concentrates on issues of the axiology of freedom of business activity, as well as on the constitutional and international guarantees of its realization. In the deliberations that follow, he undertakes to discuss problems of regulation of this right in the Polish public economic law, public legal forms of limitations of business activity and selected aspects of realization of freedom of business activity in the commercial law. The last part of the article includes relevant conclusions.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza legalności ograniczenia swobody prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej, które wprowadzone zostało na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z powodu pandemii koronawirusa. Ograniczenie jednej z najistotniejszych wolności konstytucyjnych zostało wprowadzone na mocy rozporządzenia, a nie w drodze ustawy, czego wymaga Konstytucja RP. Budzi to szereg wątpliwości w zakresie legalności działań władzy publicznej. Powyższe skłania również do rozważań w przedmiocie możliwości uzyskania przez przedsiębiorców odszkodowania na szkody i straty spowodowane koniecznością zamknięcia działalności gospodarczej, pomimo braku wprowadzenia stanu nadzwyczajnego na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the legality of the restriction of business activity in Poland introduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland any limitations on constitutional rights and freedoms may be imposed only by the act but despite that, the restriction of business activity was introduced by the regulation, which raises doubts as to legality of activities of public authorities. The above issue also calls for considerations whether the obligation of temporary closing business by entrepreneurs in the territory of Poland entitles them to receive compensation in the situation when the state of emergency in Poland was not introduced.
EN
In the article, the author defined what objectives and values the Polish law-giver is guided by in the field of regulations regarding public economic law. He referred to both the Freedom of Business Activity Act and the Entrepreneurship Law Act, as well as to the relation of the economic law with EU law and the Polish Constitution. This study also considers the possibility of ensuring equality for economic entities and freedom of economic activity.
PL
Autor w niniejszym artykule przeprowadził wywód, w którym określił, jakimi celami i wartościami kieruje się polski ustawodawca w zakresie regulacji dotyczących prawa gospodarczego publicznego. Odniósł się zarówno do ustawy o swobodzie działalności gospodarczej, jak i do ustawy Prawo przedsiębiorców, a także do relacji ustawy gospodarczej z prawem unijnym i polską Konstytucją. W niniejszym opracowaniu podjęto również rozważania na temat możności zapewnienia równości podmiotom gospodarczym i wolności działalności gospodarczej.
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