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PL
Tezą niniejszego artykułu jest to, że umowy w obrocie profesjonalnym powinny przede wszystkim zapewnić wykonanie przedmiotu zobowiązania. Interes stron powinien być drugorzędną kwestią z tego względu, że układając stosunek zobowiązaniowy, miały świadomość, do czego się zobowiązują i na jakich warunkach. Zasady fair play powinny stanowić dyrektywę interpretacyjną wyznaczającą prawny sens ustalonego stosunku prawnego. Jednakże zasady fair play nie funkcjonują powszechnie w obrocie prawnym ani gospodarczym. Obecnie, układając profesjonalne relacje, dba się o odpowiednie zabezpieczenie interesu jednej ze stron, niż o zabezpieczenie samego zobowiązania. Większość zasad stosowanych w szeroko definiowanym prawie ma swoje źródło w prawie rzymskim. Przy opracowaniu stawianego problemu wykorzystano dogmatyczną metodę badawczą, analityczną metodę badawczą, analizę orzecznictwa oraz w sposób fragmentaryczny metodę prawnoporównawczą.
EN
The thesis of this article is that pro-fessional contracts should primarily ensure the performance of the object of the com-mitment. The interests of the parties should be a secondary issue because they were aware of what they undertook and under what conditions when they were setting up a contractual relationship. The rules of fair play should constitute an interpretative directive defining the legal meaning of the established legal relationship. However, fair play rules are not widely used in the legal or economic market. At present, arranging professional relations, one takes care of the interest of one of the parties rather than securing the commitment itself. Most of the principles used in widely defined law have their source in Roman law. The dogmatic research method, the analytical research method, case law analysis and, in a fragmented way, the comparative legal method were used to develop the problem.
EN
The purpose of the theoretical considerations contained in this article is to attempt to define the ways to eliminate conflicts between the constitutional non-discrimination principle, as a reflection of the equal treatment principle, and the freedom of contract principle, as a reflection of the constitutionally protected party autonomy principle, which is a foundation of private law. On the background of the horizontal effect (radiation) of constitutional fundamental rights on individual rights, a question arises about which criteria shall decide in practice about the resolution of conflicts between the aforementioned principles within diversified trading, including mass consumer trading. In particular, a very important issue in the context of European standards, including European model law, is the question about the legal remedies (of a property [pecuniary] and non-property [nominal] nature) which may serve to eliminate the consequences of infringement of non-discrimination rights in the process of contracting. There is also the question of how far in scope the traditional civil law remedies serving the protection of personal rights – apart from instruments established by non-discrimination regulations – may find application in this field if vivid manifestations of non-discrimination violate human dignity, which is the foundation of the protection of personal rights.
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