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PL
Wychodząc od teorii postrzegania praw człowieka i wolności podstawowych, artykuł identyfikuje rodzaje naruszeń wolności akademickiej w polskich szkołach wyższych oraz cechy nauczycieli akademickich i typ uczelni, których te naruszenia najczęściej dotyczą. W opracowaniu zostały wykorzystane podstawowe miary statystyki opisowej, a także metoda najmniejszych kwadratów. Badanie ujawnia, że bardziej pozytywnie postrzegają realizację wolności akademickiej nauczyciele akademiccy zatrudnieni na stanowisku profesora i profesora uczelni. Natomiast w największym stopniu naruszenia odczuwają osoby zajmujące niższe stanowiska z długim stażem pracy. Nauczyciele akademiccy zatrudnieni w uczelniach o długiej tradycji kształcenia pozytywniej odczuwają realizację wolności akademickiej niż ich koledzy zatrudnieni w uczelniach o krótkiej tradycji kształcenia.
EN
Stemming from the theory of the perception of human rights, the article identifies the main types of violations of academic freedom in Polish universities, the features of scientists, and the type of university the most often affected by these violations. The methods involve basic descriptive statistics measures and ordinary least squares regression. The study reveals that perceived academic freedom is higher for full professors or university professors than for assistant professors. The highest violations are felt by scientists holding lower academic positions but with long work experience. Academics employed at universities with a long tradition of education perceive the implementation of academic freedom more positively than their colleagues employed at universities with a short tradition of education.
IT
Attualmente in Italia si sta discutendo su un disegno di legge (Ddl n. 2005) formalmente finalizzato a contrastare le discriminazioni basate sull’orientamento sessuale e sull’identità di genere. In ragione della genericità delle norme, della vaghezza di alcuni termini e del ricorso allo strumento della sanzione penale, il Ddl 2005 presenta tuttavia seri rischi per la libertà di manifestazione del pensiero circa la sessualità e le tematiche ad essa relative. La scuola sarebbe uno degli ambiti maggiormente interessati da queste limitazioni. Con riferimento al contesto scolastico, occorre distinguere gli effetti sotto due profili di valutazione: un primo profilo concernente gli effetti delle norme del disegno di legge nel loro insieme e un secondo profilo concernente in maniera specifica gli effetti relativi all’art. 7 del disegno di legge.
EN
Currently in Italy there is discussion on a bill (Ddl no. 2005) formally aimed at combating discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Due to the vagueness of the rules, the vagueness of some terms and the use of the instrument of criminal sanctions, the Ddl no. 2005 nevertheless presents serious risks for the freedom of expression of thought about sexuality and related issues. The school would be one of the areas most affected by these limitations. With reference to the school context, it is necessary to distinguish the effects under two evaluation profiles: a first profile concerning the effects of the provisions of the bill as a whole and a second profile specifically concerning the effects relating to art. 7 of the bill.
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