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EN
In this article a few texts by Czesław Czapów published in the “The Pedagogical Quarterly” in the years 1957–1971 (two articles, three reviews and one report from a scientific session) are being discussed. Taking into account the content of Czapów’s papers, I focus mainly on the relationships between the various environmental factors (mostly family and peers) and the riotous and criminal behaviours of minors. This I still find a very current and important problem. The starting point was to show the differences in defining the riotous behaviour and criteria for deciding on the hooligan nature of crime in legislation and in practice of the judiciary. The given characteristics of hooligans takes into account the reasons and motivations of their comportment as well as the phases of the “social derailment”. Particularly important was to show Czapów’s reflection on the importance of family and peer group in this process.
EN
The paper analyses two provisions of the Act of 10 May 2018 on Personal Data Protection. It describes the structure and characteristic features of acts which obstruct or frustrate an inspection of compliance with personal data protection provisions. The paper emphasises the importance of powers held by a supervisory authority, the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection, especially in the context of the EU legislation. The article also gives examples of interrelationship between the controller and the entity that is controlled and discusses the way this impacts criminal liability. It presents a comparative analysis of the said provision alongside its analogous provision which is related to inspection carried out under Article 55 of the Act of 14 December 2018 on Personal Data Protection in Connection with Preventing and Fighting Crime. The final conclusions include some proposals for, inter alia, the analysis of problems noted by the Personal Data Protection Office while conducting control proceedings in the years 2018–2019.
EN
Research into the emotional experiences of language learners and their impact upon the language-learning process remains relatively undernourished within second language education. The research available focuses primarily on emotions experienced within the classroom, rather than in the daily lives of learners within various social contexts. This article contends that the focus placed upon emotions within the relatively structured environment of the formal classroom is problematic, particularly within an ESL environment, as the target language is more frequently experienced beyond the classroom. Drawing on data collected within Australia, the study explored the emotional experiences of a small cohort of eight university-level ESL learners experienced within their various social interactions beyond the classroom with a specific focus on the emotions of hope, enjoyment and frustration. Semi-structured interviews revealed that their emotional experiences beyond the classroom were particularly intense in comparison to emotional experiences within the formal language-learning classroom.
|
2019
|
vol. 2
|
issue 1
56-68
EN
The presented paper offers a short general introduction to frustration followed by a discourse on frustration as an integral part of gaming experience with the core distinction between positive in-game frustration and negative at-game frustration. The potential of frustration to increase motivation to play, emotional engagement and immersion is outlined. The paper includes comprehensive research using the means of a questionnaire (n=159) and content analysis (n=327) identifying types of frustrating situations in games, perceived sources of frustration, the behavioural impact of frustration and the relationship between locus of control and ascribed source of frustration. Results showed toxic behaviour as a leading cause of frustration. The most common declared behavioural output of frustration caused by the toxic behaviour of other players was quitting a game for a certain amount of time. Frustration showed the most motivational potential within the category of frustrating situations related to gamers e.g. being stuck in a part of the game, losing, not succeeding, etc. At-game frustration concerns mainly the category called the “game itself”. Most often the game was blamed for insufficiencies in game mechanics or game design, malfunctioning and technical issues within the game. The presented research did not show a statistically significant association between the source of frustration and a participant’s locus of control. The paper has potential in terms of game design and research of emotion, motivation or immersion.
EN
The article discusses the concept of “meaning-making” and age crises as one of the main categories of psychology, and their relationship with the humanities. Existing scientific developments do not pay enough attention to the study of conscious motives and meaning in adults. The practical relevance of this problem is determined, on the one hand, by dynamic processes in the education system, on the other hand - the need to increase life experience, improve the quality of life in general. The article presents a semantic model of the process of meaning-making. The system of meaning-making is connected with the educational system, which includes the semantic sphere. The structure of the system of meaningmaking is the interaction of objects of social development of ways of thinking, views, and cultural activities. The article also describes the concept of age crisis and how it depends on meaning-making. Age development to a new qualitatively specific stage of meaning-making is characterized by abrupt psychological changes in a person’s life. The processes and psychological features of meaningmaking of adults is studied in the current uncertainty of the social, economic, and political situation which forces a person to constantly determine their position and view of the world. The solution of this important question is primarily associated with the activity of a person’s consciousness, which is aimed at identifying the meanings of ongoing events, the constant search for new meanings on the basis of which it would be possible to determine one’s place and vital role in the changing reality. It is found that meaning-making of a personality, its clear awareness, and its reliability are determined by viability, professional, family, and age self-determination in life, which depends on an individual, their life position, sociopsychological, and social maturity and activity. Based on the empirical study, it is concluded that age largely determines the importance of life values and spheres for a person, the level of realization of value orientations, the level of motivation and the level of self-actualization of the adult personality.
PL
Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji wyjaśniających zaangażowanie dzieci i młodzieży w islamistyczną działalność terrorystyczną. Środki masowego przekazu forsują pogląd, zgodnie z którym przyczyną dla której młodzi ludzie przyłączają się do grup terrorystycznych jest ich stan psychiczny lub osobowość psychopatyczna. Najnowsze teorie dowodzą jednak, że to najzwyczajniejsza młodzież wpada w sidła przestępczości terrorystycznej. Przyczyną angażowania się w taką działalność jest raczej poczucie frustracji wynikające z nieakceptowania swojej pozycji społecznej, problemy tożsamościowe oraz potrzeba autorytetu. Niniejsze przyczyny tłumaczone są za pomocą teorii deprywacji potrzeb oraz poprzez teorię wpływu społecznego. Przytoczone w niniejszym artykule badania dowodzą również, że profil młodzieży angażującej się w działalność terrorystyczną zbieżny jest z profilem młodzieży, która staje się ofiarą sekt, czy innych, skrajnych, nieislamistycznych ugrupowań politycznych.
EN
The main goal of the presented article is the introduction to problem of children and youth involvement in Islamist terrorist activity. The Mass Media are pushing the idea, according to which the reason why young people join terrorist groups is their bad mental state or psychopathic personality. However, the latest theories have proven that it was the most normal, from psychiatric point of view, that young people fall into the trap of terrorist crime. The reason for engaging in such activities is rather a sense of frustration arising from the non-acceptance of their social position, the problems with self – identity and the need for authority. These causes are explained by the Relative Deprivation of Needs Theory and Theory of Social Impact. The study cited in this paper, also shows that the profile of young people engaging in terrorist activities coincides with the profile of youth who becomes a sect victims, or other, non Islamist, extreme political groups.
Veritas Iuris
|
2023
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vol. 6
|
issue 1
44-70
EN
The study focuses on the issue of the subject matter of the crime committed to the detriment of creditors specified in Article 300 of the Criminal Code. The elements that make up the subject matter, in the form of the elements of the causative act, the concepts of property, insolvency, bankruptcy and the effect, were analyzed in detail. The causal actions of the basic type normalized by Article 300 § 1 of the Criminal Code, in the form of removal, concealment, disposal, donation, real or apparent encumbrance or damage to the debtor’s assets, are characterized. The qualified type indicated in Article 300 § 2 of the Criminal Code was analyzed. Special attention was paid to the issue of property and its seizure, as well as the causative action of removing signs of seizure or threatened seizure. Article 300 § 3 of the Criminal Code, penalizing the behavior of a offender who harms the economic and property interests of multiple creditors, was characterized.
PL
W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na problematyce strony przedmiotowej przestępstwa popełnianego na szkodę wierzycieli stypizowanego w art. 300 k.k. Poddano szczegółowej analizie elementy składające się na stronę przedmiotową, w postaci znamion czynności sprawczej, pojęcia majątku, niewypłacalności, upadłości oraz skutku. Scharakteryzowano czynności sprawcze typu podstawowego unormowanego art. 300 § 1 k.k., w postaci usuwana, ukrywania, zbycia, darowania, rzeczywistego lub pozornego obciążenia lub uszkodzenia składników majątku dłużnika. Poddano analizie typ kwalifikowany unormowany w art. 300 § 2 k.k. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na problematykę majątku i jego zajęcia, a także czynności sprawczej w postaci usuwania znaków zajęcia, bądź zagrożonego zajęciem. Scharakteryzowano art. 300 § 3 k.k., penalizujący zachowanie sprawcy godzącego w interes gospodarczy i majątkowy wielu wierzycieli.
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