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EN
Definition of agricultural holding contained in the Civil Code is the subject of numerous studies. This is justified, since this definition is one of the basic conceptual categories of agricultural law, to which reference is made in a variety of acts. Issues related to the definition has become particularly current after the changes of the Civil Code in the year of 1990. Among the questions raised is, inter alia, determination of the functions performed by the holding, which art. 553 of the Civil Code refers to. The study identifies the importance of the proprietary and functional features, and their mutual relations. These functions are inextricably linked. At most it can be said of stronger or weaker accentuation depending on type of institution to which the normative concept of the holding is applied.
EN
The paper describes features of landscape boundaries in the lowland landscape of Poland and verifies their cross-scale properties. The diversity of lithology, morphometry and land use was taken into account by delimitation of the boundaries. A scale of 1:50 000 was set as the basis. Three structural features (length, contrast and sinuosity) and two functional features (permeability and stability) were examined. The boundaries within the research area are typically of average length, low sinuosity, high permeability and low stability. A high correspondence between the diversity of abiotic components and land use is observed, resulting in a large number of high-contrast boundaries. However, this feature does not necessarily mean that these patterns are cross scale and can be applied at a higher level of landscape hierarchy. A geochemical/typological and regional order has been explored to describe properties of landscape boundaries for different spatial scales. Only the first of the listed orders corresponds to diversification of boundary features.
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