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PL
The aim of the paper is to discuss the perspectives of the functional stylistics. Functional-stylistic approach is based on the idea of the socio-cultural determinants of the functional styles. Each functional style represents a distinct fragment of social reality (social context, by P. Sztompka, or functional system, by M. Fleischer) and stylistic studies are connected with intercultural linguistics. The natural consequence of this theoretical assumption is a need for two-level social stratification of language varieties: category of the functional style and the culturally marked substyles. Linguistic study of substyles (as well as study of the culturally marked varieties and discourses) should be an essential part of the functional stylistics. The intercultural linguistics contributes to the development of the knowledge about the mutual conditioning of language and culture.
EN
The article deals with the problem of evaluation in scientific knowledge. The author substantiates specific role of evaluation in scientific text. Evaluation is being presented as axiological component of cognitive activity that takes active part in the process of composing scientific production. The author differentiates “cognitive evaluation” and traditional understanding of evaluation as a scalę “good - neutral - bad” and States that evaluation penetrates through the entire fabric of scientific text and so can be called the “energy” of mechanism of text making.
CS
This article is a part of a large project which aim is a new, corpus-based grammar of contemporary Czech language. It deals with connectives that express meanings from the sphere of time and tense, particularly with their combinations (compound connectives), and with stylistic and pragmatic properties of them. We consider the connective kdyź as a centre of this group of compound connectives and try to differ functions of combinations like aź kdyź; prave kdyź; tehdy, kdyź; kdyź potom; kdyź jeśte; vźdycky kdyź; etc. It is inte- resting to study the interference between temporal semantics and causal, conditional, con- cessive, as well as other meanings. As we have today large amount of data at our disposal (thanks to the Czech National Corpus), we are able to study different distribution of temporal connectives (and their combinations) in the pattems of fimctional styles and in va- rious text types and genres (scientific texts, professional instructions, economic and sport reports and commentaries, interviews, fairy tales or novels, etc.).
RU
The author presents the theoretical basis for linguistic research, the subject of which is the interaction of two disciplines: stylistics and pragmatics. In the first part of the article, a brief overview of the history and problem fields of both disciplines is presented, emphasizing the fact that each of these has its own characteristics from a conceptual and ontological point of view. In the second part, stylistics and pragmatics are considered in the general semiotic model as two “dimensions” of linguistic signs. In addition to the three dimensions proposed by C.Morris, i.e. syntactics, semantics and pragmatics, the author introduces stylistics as a relation (according to the principle of correspondence) of signs to their socio-cultural environment, i.e. their practical/instrumental context. The author distinguishes between two directions within the framework of pragmastylistic studies. The indicative aspect consists of the study of the pragmatic characteristics of separate styles, in other words, in the description of the style withthe employment of the conceptual apparatus of pragmalinguistics (such concepts as illocutionary function, speech act, pragmatic strategy, pragmatic implication, pragmatic operator, etc.). The applicative aspect of pragmatic studies is the study of the employment of stylistic means of language (i.e. stylistically marked lexical forms and their constructions) for the implementation of different types of speech acts.
EN
The author presents the theoretical basis for linguistic research, whose subject is the interaction of two disciplines: stylistics and pragmatics. In the first part of the article, the author provides a brief overview of the history and problem fields of both disciplines, emphasizing the fact that each of them has its own characteristics from conceptual and ontological points of view. In the second part, the author considers stylistics and pragmatics in the general semiotic model as two “dimensions” of linguistic signs. In addition to the three dimensions introduced by C. Morris, i.e., syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics, the author introduces stylistics as the relation (according to the principle of correspondence) of signs to their socio-cultural environment, i.e., their practical/instrumental context. The author distinguishes between two directions within the framework of pragmastylistic studies. The indicative aspect consists of the study of pragmatic characteristics of separate styles, in other words, in the description of the style employing the conceptual apparatus of pragmalinguistics (such concepts as illocutionary function, speech act, pragmatic strategy, pragmatic implication, pragmatic operator, etc.). The applicative aspect of pragmatic studies is the study in the use of stylistic means of language (i.e., stylistically marked lexical forms and their constructions) for the implementation of different types of speech acts.
EN
The subject of the paper is the analysis of the influence of stylistic and genre differential on the use of cases in the Stenography notes of the Kingdom of Serbia Parliament in the year 1989. The initial hypothesis was that the influence is based on: (a) presence of the administrative and legal register; (b) presence of spoken and written variants; (c) presence of certain subgenres. It has been established that there are sentences that belong to both the administrative/legal and everyday language register. The sentences involving the administrative and legal register are mostly encountered in the written subgenres (the meaning of conditionality, criteria). Discussions are characterized by a number of predetermined expression which can be explained via the influence of the conversational style. Only a small number of sentence constructions that are linked to certain subgenres (reports, budget proposals, etc.) have been noted.
PL
W pracy dokonano analizy wpływu stylistycznej i gatunkowej dyferencji na użycie przypad­ków w Stenograficznych zapisach Narodowej Skupsztiny Królestwa Serbii za 1898 rok. Punktem wyjścia była hipoteza, że wpływ dokonuje się na poziomie: a) stylu administracyjno-prawnego; b) wariantu ustnego i pisemnego; c) określonych podgatunków. Ustalono, że istnieją konstrukcje, które przynależą do administracyjno-prawnej i ogólnej warstwy językowej. Konstrukcje warstwy administracyjno-prawnej najczęściej spotyka się w podgatunkach pisemnych (znaczenie warun­kowości, kryteriów). Rozprawy charakteryzuje pojawianie się stałych wyrażeń, co tłumaczy się wpływem stylu wypowiedzi ustnej. Zauważono małą liczbę konstrukcji związanych z określonymi podgatunkami (sprawozdania, projekt budżetu itd.).
EN
The displacement o f a scientific paradigm has occurred in modem linguistics: the transition from the systematic approach to the study o f language in the communicative approach. We can observe the formation o f a new, communicative stylistics o f text. This stylistics takes place o f the traditional functional stylistics. If the text is the most important part o f the language system in the functional stylistics, then the text in the communicative stylistics is simply a verbal work by a sender which is directed at the addressee. The main intention o f the author-publicist is to convince the reader not only to the legitimacy o f the idea (ideologism), suggested by the author, but also to its correctness. Therefore, the main text-forming (intentional) categories o f any publicistic work as an impactful type o f text are the ideologism, the nomination, the evaluative format, the interpretation and the tone. It means that a certain suggested idea (ideologism) is being realized in the publicistic text with the help o f author’s evaluative foundation, the interpretation o f reality, and the strategy o f naming the stylistic manner o f disclosure (communicative aggression, communicative approval or an emphasized objectivity). All mentioned categories provide the realization o f the author’s global convincing strategy in a publicistic text and further - in a publicistic discourse as a compilation of the publicistic texts, submerged in a communicative situation (for the publicistic discourse - in the ideological communicative situation). And therefore, we can consider the ideologism, the evaluative format, and the ideological interpretation o f the event, to be the discourse (hyper-textual) characteristics o f publicism.
EN
The article reviews the correlation between the discourse theory and the theory of functional stylistics. Recognizing the signifícant contribution of discursive analysis in the study o f such a complex phenomenon as text, the author notes that many of the pro- visions o f the discourse theory were successfully implemented in the functional stylis­ tics earlier. In 60th years o f XX century professor from Perm-city (Russia) Margarita N. Kozhina developed the methodological basis of functional stylistics, which distin- guishes it from “resources stylistics”: speech is determined by extralinguistic factors which influence on the stylistic and language side of the text. The author considers that defacto subject of study in the functional stylistics was and remains discourse, discourse activity, which is carried out in the main spheres o f human life (science, arts, politics, law and others) and expressed in a particular speech organi- zation of the text. Based on the similarity of the most important methodological principles of these Iinguistic directions, the author suggests these directions should be integrated in the dis- course and stylistic approach. This approach is applied to scientific texts. The discourse component of this approach allows idenlifying extralinguistic factors of scientific com- munication; the stylistic component allows discovering the linguistic devices that repre- sent the standard contenl of a scientific páper. The author develops the concept of epistemic situation and considers the latter to be discourse model of scientific texts, which determines its stylistic peculiarity. The struc- ture of epistemic situation is described witli regard to the four interconnected aspects of cognitive activity: ontological, methodological, reflective, communicative-pragmatic. The author reveals the conlent of each aspect and analyses their influence on the sense structure of a scientific text. The author considers the subtext to be a structural element of the text and describes the primary subtexts: the subtext oťa new and old knowledge, the subtext of evaluation, the subtext of recipient and the author, etc. Thus, the discourse and stylistic approach to the text, based on the complementary principles of discourse analysis and functional stylistics, allows identifying pattems of text crealion in each communicative sphere, as well as explaining the stylistic diversity of texts.
RU
In the history of theoretical stylistics traditional and creative aspects of culture were di vi- ded between two branches of science: functional stylistics and aesthetic idealism. Never- theless developing of functional stylistics has led to integration with idealism. The ten- dency occurs in the interest to the individual style of a writer, a joumalist, a scientist. We also can see this tendency in the interpretations of the concepts “expressivity” and “text style” and in the search for the driving force of linguistic transformations. The possibility of integration depends on progress in the psychology of creativity at the understanding of aesthetic idealism’ concepts. Elements of the synthesis in representations of these two branches contribute to the investigation of the generał problems of Humanities, such as the relationship of social and individual, traditional and innovative.
Język Polski
|
2015
|
vol. 95
|
issue 1-2
92-105
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu autor przedstawia kilka najważniejszych modeli teoretycznych dotyczących wewnętrznej dyferencjacji stylowej powojennej polszczyzny, stwierdzając w konkluzji, że wielość istniejących w tej kwestii stanowisk uniemożliwia przyjęcie jednolitego schematu typologicznego zróżnicowania współczesnej polszczyzny. W dalszej części artykułu autor w sposób sprawozdawczy przedstawia osiągnięcia polskiego językoznawstwa polonistycznego w zakresie badań nad odmianami stylowymi polszczyzny po 1989 roku. W szczególności uwzględnione zostały badania nad następującymi stylami: potocznym, naukowym, artystycznym, urzędowym, religijnym i publicznym mówionym.
EN
In the first part of the article the author describes some of the major theoretical approaches relating to the stylistic differentiation of the post-war Polish language. The author finally concludes that the multiplicity of the so-far presented models makes it impossible to adopt a uniform typological scheme of the stylistic differentiation of contemporary Polish. In the following parts of the article the author presents in a reporting manner the most significant accomplishments of Polish post-1989 linguistics in the field of research on particular stylistic variants of Polish, focusing especially on the studies devoted to the following styles: colloquial, scientific, artistic, official (formal), religious and public spoken (rhetoric).
EN
The article covers the broad problems of the scientific works of Maria P. Kotyurova – professor of Perm State University, the leader of Perm Scientific School of Functional stylistics. The bibliography of Maria P. Kotyurova includes 7 monographs, 15 textbooks, more than 300 articles, in which the main questions of stylistics of scientific speech, semantic structure of scientific text, legal linguistics and many others are put forward and solved. Special attention in the article is given to the analysis of the key notions of Prof. Kotyurova’s stylistic theory, which are now generally recognised and fundamentally important in functional stylistics. Among these notions are scientific text extra-linguistic factors, epistemic situation, reference scientific text, scientific speech culture, principles of scientific text editing, scientist speech individual style, etc. As the most important achievements of Prof. Kotyurova the author of the article considers: the model of scientific text semantic structure developed by Prof. Kotyurova (the model includes three components of scientific knowledge – ontological, methodological and axiological); description of the basic scientific text categories – coherence, integrity, wholeness, accuracy, density, etc.; justification of a multidisciplinary (complex) approach to scientific text study; and studying of stereotypes and creativity in scientist communicative activity. It is noted that M. Kotyurova is distinguished by the ability to see the non-obvious but fundamentally important properties in a scientific text. The dynamics of the research interest of Prof. Kotyrova, from classical functional stylistics to anthropocentric and discursive linguistics, are analyzed. The author of the article underlines that, while retaining a commitment to the ideas of her teacher – Prof. Margarita N. Kozhina, Maria P. Kotyrova at the same time is an innovator in the development of modern functional stylistics and the application of new approaches to research text. The fruitfulness of Prof. Maria P. Kotyurova ideas was confirmed by numerous works of her followers both in Russia and abroad.
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