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PL
Relacje między legislatywą a egzekutywą w Królestwie Hiszpanii zostały oparte na za-sadach systemu parlamentarno-gabinetowego, w którym powoływany przez monarchę rząd musi cieszyć się zaufaniem organu przedstawicielskiego, gdyż ponosi przed nim polityczną odpowiedzialność. Egzystencja gabinetu zależy więc od poparcia większości parlamentarnej, co bynajmniej nie oznacza dominacji władzy ustawodawczej nad rzą-dem. Konstytucja hiszpańska wypracowała bowiem model parlamentaryzmu zracjona-lizowanego poprzez ustanowienie procedur, które nie tylko faworyzują stabilność ga-binetu, ale zapewniają także efektywne wypełnianie jego funkcji, na których analizie koncentruje się niniejszy artykuł. Ze względu na kompleksowość i wielowymiarowość zagadnienia autorka skupia się na kluczowych zadaniach i kompetencjach rządu. Wzo-rem wielu hiszpańskich opracowań dotyczących omawianej tematyki, w artykule zosta-ła zachowana konstytucyjna systematyka ujęcia funkcji rządu w Królestwie Hiszpanii.
EN
The relationship between the legislature and the executive in the Kingdom of Spain has been based on the principles of a parliamentary cabinet system, in which the government that is appointed by the monarch must enjoy the confidence of the representative body. Therefore, the existence of the cabinet depends on the support of a stable majority in parliament. How-ever, it does not mean that the legislative branch dominates the government. The Spanish Constitution created the model of rationalised parliamentarism by establishing procedures that not only favour the cabinet stability, but also ensure the effective fulfilment of its func-tions, which are the subject of this article. Due to the complexity and multidimensionality of the issue, the article focuses on the key roles and competences of the government. Following the example of many Spanish papers on this subject, the author uses the constitutional clas-sification of functions of the government in the Kingdom of Spain.
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EN
The article starts with the overview of the evolution of the concept of Regierung which exists in German literature from the fi fteenth century. The author, fi rst of all, deals with historical concepts and, then, with contemporary issues. In the period of constitutional monarchy, the German scientists used the term “government” to mean the entire activity of the state. However, some authors have conceived it more narrowly, as the entire state power, but with the exception of the legislative and judicial branches. In contrast, from contemporary perspective, the government is considered as that part of the executive which makes creative decisions, applies political initiative, conducts oversight over the activities of the executive and exercises general management of the state. Subsequently, the author discusses the functions of government, the term “organizational power”, the interpretation of the term Auswärtige Gewalt and the procedure for concluding international agreements by the Federal Republic of Germany. The fi nal part of the article provides conclusions.
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