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EN
The study deals with the furnishing of households in Sovinec region on the basis of books of inheritance inventories and testaments written in German from the 17th and 18th centuries in comparisn with other areas and source types. The main emphasis is placed on the equipment of the interiors, namely the furniture and decoration. The author examines what kind of equipment appears in the inventories, how often they appear, or what equipment can be classified as standard in the period under review, and what equipment or material used spread to the countryside later.
Ikonotheka
|
2018
|
vol. 28
233-256
EN
In the 1970s both sociologists and experts on housing culture correctly noted that a tendency towards consumerism was developing in Polish society. These tendencies were described as the neo-bourgeois lifestyle. This lifestyle was supposedly characterised by a focus on material possessions and prestige. The achievement of affluence was pronounced to be the life aim of this group, and the outward marks of affluence (and the acts of demonstrating them) to be an important element of favourable self-assessment. It was noted that these consumerist aspirations resulted from the citizens’ acceptance of Western models. It was also stated that the main indicators of this style were the apartment itself, its standard and equipment, and the culture of leisure time. Poznań in the last years of the communist government in Poland seems to be a particularly fitting place to exemplify the phenomena characterised herein. It has for a long time been associated (not only in popular perceptions) with the bourgeoisie, the entrepreneurial spirit, and affluence; scholarly research points to the same fact. In those days, a detached house for one family, or a villa – especially one constructed to an individually commissioned design and with equipment that exceeded standards in various aspects – was a clear and socially distinctive signal of status to a far greater extent than it is at present. Such buildings were commissioned by members of the affluent intelligentsia, but also by numerous private entrepreneurs. Jan Dudek-Kornecki (b. 1928) was particularly fashionable and sought after as a designer of such villas. His designs were a compromise between the aspirations of his clients, the restrictions imposed by construction law, and the availability of building and finishing materials. Nevertheless, in terms of equipment they differed significantly from contemporary residential quarters, mainly due to the presence of antiques and works of art, as well as unique pieces of contemporary furniture acquired from exhibitions at the Poznań International Fair or from the furniture factory in Swarzędz. The essay offers an analysis of the practices and strategies of deluxe living in Poland in the period before the 1989 breakthrough.
EN
The convent and church of the Discalced Carmelites in Poznań is the first and oldest temple in Poland which was dedicated to St Joseph (1618). The church erected in the Baroque style was designed by architects Jerzy Catenaci and Krzysztof Bonadura. The latter prepared the construction plans of the convent building taking into consideration the detailed building regulations of the Order, and they also supervised the construction of the temple. On the basis of the decision of the Prussian king Fredrick Wilhelm of 5 July 1801, the convent went into liquidation and its buildings were handed over to the jurisdiction of the Prussian army. Since 1831, the church fulfilled the function of an Evangelical garrison temple (new furnishings and interior decoration of the interior after the renovation). In the year 1919 the church became a garrison temple of the Polish army. The Carmelites recovered their property in 1945 in a state of complete ruin. The reconstruction and restoration of the monument (which also comprised its interior decoration) lasted many years. It was conducted under the supervision of city conservator in accordance with the plans approved by architect Aleksander Holas (church façade), architect Franciszek Morawski (convent) and architect engineer Józef Dutkiewicz from Cracow (church and refectory interior). The reconstruction and restoration tasks have been discussed in detail in the above article.
EN
The Gothic church in Kisielice has a medieval origin. It was built between 1331 and 1340 by the Stang family, on the southern edge of the town. It originally bore the title of St John the Evangelist and belonged to the Pomezanian diocese. At the time of the Reformation, in 1576, the church was taken over by the Evangelical community, which administered it until 1945. During the warfare of the Soviet Army, in early 1945, the entire roof structurewith its ceramic covering collapsed, damaging the interior of the church. On 25 June 1946, the first post-war parish priest in Kisielice, Fr Jan Przybylski, was appointed. His task was to create a Roman Catholic church community and rebuild the destroyed temple. His activities in this office, which he held until 21 June 1957, had mixed results. The Bishop of Warmia, Tomasz Wilczyński, handed over the post to the Pallottine Fathers on 22 September 1957. From that moment the work of reconstruction of the church began, crowned by the rite of consecration on 28 August 1960 (Bishop Wilczyński). Over the following years, this Gothic temple was successively furnished with new elements of interior decoration, in compliance with the liturgical norms contained in the documents of the Second Vatican Council. Since 1992, the church and the Roman Catholic parish in Kisielice have belonged to the Diocese of Elbląg.
PL
Gotycki kościół w Kisielicach posiada średniowieczna metrykę. Został wybudowany w latach 1331 – 1340 przez rodzinę Stangów, na południowym krańcu miasta. Nosił on pierwotnie tytuł św. Jana Ewangelisty i należał do diecezji pomezańskiej. W czasach reformacji, w roku 1576 kościół został przejęty przez wspólnotę ewangelicką, która zarządzała nim do roku 1945. Podczas działań wojennych Armii Sowieckiej, na początku 1945 roku, zawaleniu uległa cała konstrukcja dachowa z poszyciem ceramicznym, uszkadzając wnętrze kościoła. W dniu 25 czerwca 1946 został ustanowiony pierwszy powojenny proboszcz w Kisielicach ks. Jan Przybylski. Jego zadaniem miało być tworzenie wspólnoty kościoła rzymskokatolickiego i odbudowa zniszczonej świątyni. Z różnym skutkiem zapisała się jego działalność na tym urzędzie, który pełnił do 21 czerwca 1957 roku. Biskup Warmiński Tomasz Wilczyński 22 września 1957 roku przekazał tę placówkę Księżom Pallotynom. Od tego momentu rozpoczęły się prace związane z odbudową kościoła, uwieńczone obrzędem konsekracji w dniu 28 sierpnia 1960 roku (bp Wilczyński). Przez kolejne lata, ta gotycka świątynia była sukcesywnie wyposażana w nowe elementy wystroju wnętrza, z zachowaniem norm liturgicznych zawartych w dokumentach Soboru Watykańskiego II. Od 1992 r. kościół i parafia rzymskokatolicka w Kisielicach należy do Diecezji Elbląskiej.
EN
The Kościuszko Uprising began on 24 March 1794, quickly turning into a national uprising against the partitioning powers. From the very beginning of the uprising its leaders called for donations for the army, addressing the call not only to the laity but also to the clergy. Despite people’s generosity, the commander of the uprising, Tadeusz Kościuszko, issued an order of requisition of silver kept in churches. The bodies responsible for enforcing the decree were order commissions established in various administrative units free from the enemy troops. The present article examines the work of the Grodno District Order Commission with regard to the requisition of church silver. The source edition is based on three documents kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw in the fonds Nabytki niedokumentowe Oddziału I [Undocumented Acquisitions of Department I] no. 110, part II. They are: Copy for the Board of the Grodno Commission issued to persons delegated to collect church silver of 24 May 1794; Register of church silver of the Parish Church in Suwałki made in the presence of commissioners delegated for the purpose of 10 June 1794; Register of church silver of the Wigry monastery of the Camaldolese Fathers made in the presence of commissioners delegated for the purpose of 17 June 1794. The published documents can expand the existing body of knowledge of the requisition of church property for the uprising. The scale of this enterprise is not yet fully known to historians of art owing to a lack of sources. This makes isolated surviving relics of that campaign all the more important, relics like the documents published above or accounting books. However, the vagueness of descriptions of the requisitioned objects prevent us from following their subsequent fate.
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