Leaving aside the speculations about the alleged god Molech, who does notbelong to the Bible, but only to the history of biblical studies, the article deals witha few passages referring to child sacrifices. Starting from Mi. 6:7, which shows that the molk-offering was a particular form of Yahwistic cult, practiced in the 8th-7th centuries B.C., a distinction is made between an old belief that the first-born should be ‘given’ to the deity and the accomplishment of an unfortunate vow. Among the passages examined are Ex. 22:28-29; 34:19, and Judg. 11. More attention is paid to Lev. 20:2-5 and to Isa. 30:33, where the image of a sacrificed victim ready to be burnt is applied to Assyria. Since the question cannot be studied historically without using non-biblical sources, the article also refers to related Phoenician, Punic, and Latin texts. It examines the etymology of the words molek and tophet, as well as the particular meaning of gēr in the 8th-7th centuries B.C.
PL
Leaving aside the speculations about the alleged god Molech, who does notbelong to the Bible, but only to the history of biblical studies, the article deals witha few passages referring to child sacrifices. Starting from Mi. 6:7, which shows that the molk-offering was a particular form of Yahwistic cult, practiced in the 8th-7th centuries B.C., a distinction is made between an old belief that the first-born should be ‘given’ to the deity and the accomplishment of an unfortunate vow. Among the passages examined are Ex. 22:28-29; 34:19, and Judg. 11. More attention is paid to Lev. 20:2-5 and to Isa. 30:33, where the image of a sacrificed victim ready to be burnt is applied to Assyria. Since the question cannot be studied historically without using non-biblical sources, the article also refers to related Phoenician, Punic, and Latin texts. It examines the etymology of the words molek and tophet, as well as the particular meaning of gēr in the 8th-7th centuries B.C.
The theme of the “stranger” in the Bible will be approached from the point of view of the relationship between an indigenous group and the “otherness” represented by those who sojourn in a foreign land. The words that the Hebrew language uses for “stranger” testifies to a nuanced perception of this overall category and also a nuanced attitude toward different kinds of “strangers.” The methodology applied is the Social Identity Approach, that focuses on intergroup relationship, and, the concept of Proximate Other. Among the “others,” the biblical Laws’ corpora give particular attention to gēr. The gēr is “other,” but he/she dwells within the Israelite in-group and shares with it his/her everyday life. Nine rules add a motive clause which refers to the experiential background of Jacob’s clan in Egypt. Four of these motive clauses refer to Israelites as gērim and come at the end of rules about only the gēr in Israel’s land. The theological background is expressed in Lev 25:23, which uses the word gērim for the relationship between God and his people. The proposal of the Bible is to bring near the “stranger,” so that the “stranger” is not more an “extraneous.”
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