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Assessing the gender wage gap: Turkey in the years 2002-2019

100%
Koral Z. A., Mercan M. A.
Economics and Business Review
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2021
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vol. 7
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issue 1
90-112
EN
This study investigates the wage diefrential and discrimination between genders in Turkey based on data taken from the nationally representative Turkish Household Labour Survey for 2002 to 2019. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique was used which was then integrated into the Heckman's selection correction procedure. It was found that the gender wage gap is small in the Turkish labour market, while most of this gap originates from the discrimination against women. In addition ignoring the occupational and sectoral effects on the gender wage gap could result in underestimation of the discrimination effects both directly and indirectly through higher human capital of female employees. Lastly all these indicate that the results could likely be specific to the data set.
2
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Regional Differences in Gender Wage Gaps in Poland: New Estimates Based on Harmonized Data for Wages

100%
Majchrowska A., Strawiński P.
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
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2016
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issue 2
3
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Decomposition of gender wage gap in Poland using counterfactual distribution with sample selection

100%
Landmesser J. M.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2019
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vol. 20
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issue 3
171-186
EN
In the paper, we compare income distributions in Poland taking into account gender differences. The gender pay gap can only be partially explained by differences in men's and women's characteristics. The unexplained part of the gap is usually attributed to the wage discrimination. The objective of this study is to extend the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the income distribution. We use the RIF-regression method to describe differences between the incomes of men and women along the two distributions and to evaluate the strength of the influence of personal characteristics on the various parts of the income distributions. As the sample selection is a serious issue for the study, therefore our decomposition approach will be adjusted for sample selection problems. The results suggest not only differences in the income gap along the income distribution (in particular sticky floor and glass ceiling), but also differences in the contribution of selection effects to the pay gap at different quantiles. The analysis is based on data from the EU-SILC data for Poland in 2014.
4
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The Impact of Gender Wage Gap on Sectoral Economic Growth – Cross-country Approach

100%
Wolszczak-Derlacz J.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2013
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vol. 8
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issue 3
103-122
EN
We propose an empirical analysis of testing the relationship between gender wage gap and economic growth. The study takes into account 12 manufacturing sectors in 18 OECD countries for the period between 1970 and 2005.We use industrial statistics (EU KLEMS, 2008) on female and male wages that distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according to skill level: high, medium and low. We estimate augmented production function where the male-female wage differentials constitute a potential channel influencing growth (posi-tively or negatively). Our research is motivated by the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies (e.g.: Seguiono 2000; Busse, Spielmann 2006; Seguino 2011; Schober, Winter-Ebmer 2011). Our main findings indicate that gender wage gap for high, medium and low-skilled workers is negatively correlated with sectoral growth. This results are confirmed in a number of robustness checks.
5
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Returns to Education and Gender Wage Gap Across Quantiles in Italy

88%
Furno M.
Central European Journal of Economic Modelling and Econometrics
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2020
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issue 2
6
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Za stejnou práci stejná odměna? Genderová rovnost v odměňování v různých kontextech trhu práce

88%
Křížková A., Pospíšilová K.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2023
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vol. 59
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issue 1
31-63
EN
Although international comparisons point to the gender pay gap (GPG) as a significant problem in the Czech labour market, until recently the GPG has not been the subject of deeper research or political attention. Using linked employer–employee data, the article answers the question of whether men and women were paid an equal wage for equal work in 2005–2020 and what part of the total GPG is caused by the segregation of women and men into different occupations, workplaces, and jobs. We also pose these questions separately for the public and private spheres, for selected industries, and for workplaces according to size. Throughout the monitored period, the GPG for equal work is around 10% and another roughly one-half of total GPG is caused by gender segregation. There has been a slight decrease since 2018, especially in workplaces with more than 5000 employees, where, however, the significance of women’s segregation into lower-paid positions is growing. The research confirmed that in more regulated, and therefore more transparent, contexts, such as the public sphere and in large workplaces (but also in small companies with up to 50 employees), the GPG for equal work is smaller than elsewhere. The results point to the need to systematically monitor the GPG and increase the transparency of remuneration systems in the workplace. In connection with the GPG, it will also be necessary to analyse the organisational processes that lead to women’s segregation into occupations, workplaces, and jobs that have lower wages, as well as the growing precarity of the Czech labour market.
7
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Zmienne pominięte a luka płacowa kobiet - wnioski z analizy uwzględniającej wydajność

75%
Chojecka A., Tyrowicz J.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2017
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vol. 288
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issue 2
29-43
EN
The aim of this study is to estimate the bias of the adjusted gender wage gaps when productivity is not directly measured. In this study we rely on a unique data set with productivity and wages for 2,292 employees in a Polish fashion retail firm. We apply parametric decomposition methods to evaluate the gender wage gap with and without productivity measures. Our results suggest that the bias stemming from an omitted variable may indeed be significant, sometimes even altering the direction of the conclusions. Most of the estimates of the gender wage gap adjusted for individual characteristics do not account for productivity indicators due to a lack of such indicators in most available data sets. Although our results are obtained using data for only one employer, they suggest that most of the adjusted gender wage gap estimates in the literature may be substantially biased.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zmierzenie skali obciążenia oszacowań luki płacowej kobiet, w warunkach, gdy wydajność nie jest obserwowalna. Korzystamy z unikatowych danych jednostkowych dotyczących wydajności i wynagrodzeń dla 2 292 pracowników polskiej firmy zajmującej się handlem detalicznym w branży odzieżowej. Korzystamy z parametrycznych metod dekompozycji do oszacowania skorygowanej luki płacowej z uwzględnieniem i bez uwzględnienia miar wydajności. Wyniki wskazują, że obciążenie wynikające z pominięcia miar wydajności jest istotne statystycznie i wysokie w sensie ekonomicznym, w niektórych specyfikacjach zasadniczo zmienia wnioskowanie o występowaniu nieuzasadnionej różnicy w wynagrodzeniach pomiędzy kobietami i mężczyznami. Większość oszacowań tzw. skorygowanej luki płacowej nie uwzględnia miar produktywności, głównie z uwagi na brak stosownych miar w dostępnych zbiorach. Choć wyniki zawarte w tym artykule dotyczą tylko jednego przedsiębiorstwa, dają przesłanki, by stwierdzić, że oszacowania, którymi posługuje się literatura, może cechować znaczne obciążenie.
8
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IS IT THE LABOUR MARKET THAT UNDERVALUES WOMEN OR WOMEN THEMSELVES? EVIDENCE FROM POLAND

75%
Ewa C.
Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych
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2014
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vol. 15
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issue 1
18-28
EN
This article provides a comparative analysis of gender gaps in observable and reservation wages. The analysis shows that women are able to accept lower wages than men before entering the labour market. Men’s and wom-en’s differences in observable characteristics are not at all sufficient to ex-plain the gaps both in observable and reservation wages. The article thus concludes that the prevalence of gender wage gap may be a result of wom-en’s lower self-valuation and not necessarily labour market discrimination against women.
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