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Bezpieczeństwo żywności a organizmy genetycznie modyfikowane. Instrumenty administracyjno–prawne

100%
Micińska-Bojarek M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2013
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vol. 11
263-274
EN
Food is one components of environment such as animals plants and mashrooms. In the second half of the 20th century industrialization and chemization of environment led to serious contamination of food chain In the 1990s, alongside conventional certain, foodstuffs contaminations was appear a new issue – genetic modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms, such as plants and animals, whose genetic characteristics are being modified artificially in order to give them a new property. It is a completely new elements in food and feed, so it forced questions for legal instrument to entrench food and environmental safety. This article elaborate about discussion in science and controversial concerning bioengineering food and feed safety and shows certain law instruments to control GMOs issues in the international, european and national law.
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Civil Society and Social Movements in the Debate on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in Brazil

84%
Scarpeline de Castro B.
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
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2013
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issue 16
243-260
EN
The civil society and the social movements have been key players in the debate on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Brazil, even though they don´t present homogeneous positions: some of these organizations are in favor, while others are contrary to the use and dissemination of GMOs, questioning the official designation of risks established by scientists and politicians. The paper initially summarizes the role of civil society and social move-ments in the country in the 15 years of disputes about GMOs. Then, it presents the perceptions of 15 Brazilian organizations related to GMOs, based on interviews about their current position on the theme. The results show that the disputes regarding GMOs can be considered as discussions of risks, and the notion of risk varies according to the perspective of the actors. They include concerns about environmental, ethical, health and socioeconomic issues. Organizations against GMOs emphasize that their use could create an economic dependence of small farmers, while those in favor argue that GMOs are essential to the competitiveness of the Brazilian agriculture. This duality is more re-lated to the conventional debate about rural development in the country rather than the perception of new risks introduced by GMOs
ES
La sociedad civil y los movimientos sociales han sido actores clave en el debate sobre los organismos genéticamente modificados (OGM) en Brasil; las posiciones involucradas en el debate están representadas por ópticas opuestas: algunas organizaciones están a favor, mientras que otras – en contra del uso y di¬fusión de los OGM, cuestionando las pruebas oficiales de riesgos establecidos por los científicos y los políticos. El artículo resume el papel de la sociedad civil y los movimientos sociales en el país en los últimos años. Se presentan las percepciones de 15 organizaciones brasileñas relacionadas con los OGM, basado en entrevistas sobre su posición actual frente al tema. Los análisis demuestran que las controversias relativas a los OGM pueden ser consideradas como las discusiones sobre los riesgos; la noción de riesgo varía de acuerdo con la perspectiva de los actores. Incluyen las preocupaciones sobre el medio ambiente, ética, salud y cuestiones socioeconómicas. Los detractores de los transgénicos hacen hincapié en que su uso puede crear una economía de dependencia de los pequeños agricultores, mientras que los partidarios sostienen que los transgénicos son esenciales para la competitividad de la agricultura brasileña. Esta dualidad está más relacionada con el debate convencional sobre el desarrollo rural del país que con la percepción de los nuevos riesgos relacionados con los OGM
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