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EN
Nakhon Sawan Province is located in Upper Central Thailand, where the Chao Phraya River, the vital river of Thailand, begins. According to the distribution of the archaeological sites, the related geological features were divided into two groups by geodiversity scope: (1) hydrological sites - Chao Phraya river, Bueng Boraphet lake, (2) speleological sites - Tham Phet-Tham Thong cave and Khoa Nor mountain. The hydrological sites are the primary water resources of local people since many hundred years, including transportation, agriculture, and fishery, so there are many archaeological sites around there. In addition, the speleological sites are covered with limestones intruded by the granitic rocks, which has caused ore deposition in the form of skarn. The evidence of antiquities in the archaeological site near speleological sites suggests that ancient people discovered and produced their ores, notably iron in the studied area. Based on inventory, characterization, classification, and assessment methods, this preliminary geoarchaeology study can support Nakhon Sawan to promote geotourism for sustainability by their stunning geological features, fantastic nature as well as beautiful culture, both past and present.
EN
Berenike Trogodytica was one of the key harbours on the Red Sea coast during the Ptolemaic and Roman periods and was a major trade and exchange hub connecting the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. Berenike’s geographical position was extraordinarily propitious owing partly to its natural harbours, protected against the prevailing northern winds, as well as its location in the vicinity of an ancient viewshed, the large peninsula of Ras Benas. This paper discusses how multifaceted geoarchaeological approaches to the study of ancient ports can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms and logistics of maritime trade, as well as fluctuations in its quality and quantity. It also sheds new light on the significance of the effect that local and regional palaeoclimatic, landscape, seascape and environmental changes had on the development and decline of the port, and its changing role within the Red Sea–Indian Ocean maritime network.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki geoarcheologicznych badań przeprowadzonych w obrębie oraz otoczeniu dwóch wielokulturowych stanowisk archeologicznych w Tominach i Zawadzie (południowo-wschodnia część Przedgórza Iłżeckiego), w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie północnej krawędzi pokrywy lessowej Wyżyny Sandomierskiej. Ich zasadniczych celem była kompleksowa rekonstrukcja osadniczej i gospodarczej aktywności człowieka w analizowanym obszarze w okresie ostatnich około 5 tysięcy lat, wraz z identyfikacją wszelkich jej uwarunkowań, zarówno na poziomie chronologiczno-kulturowym, jak i środowiskowym. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na określenie przebiegu i skali lokalnych zjawisk kulturowych oraz związanych z nimi procesów osadniczych między późnym neolitem a czasami współczesnymi. Na podstawie uchwyconych śladów eksploatacji oraz przekształceń środowiska naturalnego podjęta została również próba określenia charakteru i stopnia lokalnej antropopresji w neoholocenie.
EN
The article presents the results of geoarchaeological research carried out within and around two multicultural archaeological sites in Tominy and Zawada (south-eastern Iłża Foothills), in the immediate vicinity of the northern edge of the loess cover of the Sandomierz Upland. The main objective of the research was to comprehensively reconstruct human settlement and economic activity in the study area in the last ca. 5,000 years, along with identifying its conditions, both at the chronologicalcultural and the environmental level. The results allowed a determination of the course and scale of local cultural phenomena and related settlement processes between the late Neolithic and modern times. On the basis of traces of exploitation and transformation of the natural environment, an attempt was made to determine the nature and extent of local anthropopressure in the Neoholocene.
EN
The main aim of the geoarchaeological research of Sabaloka in the 2014 season was the paleopedological mapp - ing around the archaeological sites excavated in the past seasons. Generally, four main types of soils or paleosoils were described. These soils correspond to the geomor - phology of the studied area, past climate and hydrological conditions. Around the rocky cities Phaeozems and their relicts and derivatives were described, while in the direction of the Sabaloka plateau, Leptosols of a different age prevail. In areas proximate to the Nile River, Stagnosols, in some places covered by organic sediments, and also Fluvisols were described. The reconnaissance of these soils provides key information for interpreting the environment in the context of past human occupation in the study area.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań geoarcheologicznych i archeologicznych na stanowisku Rychnowo V położonym na wysoczyźnie morenowej pomiędzy dwoma rynnami subglacjalnymi odwadnianymi współcześnie przez górną Drwęcę i Grabiczek. Rzeźbę wysoczyzny urozmaicają zagłębienia po oczkach polodowcowych, o różnej wielkości i stopniu wypełnienia. Jeziorka te powstały w późnym glacjale i były zapełniane w holocenie przez osady organiczne i klastyczne. Na stanowisku archeologicznym stwierdzono kilka faz osadniczych związanych z kulturami łużycką (największa), wielbarską, a także wczesno- i późnośredniowieczną oraz nowożytną. Osadnictwo nie miało charakteru stałej osady, lecz raczej krótkotrwałych obozowisk. Najliczniejsze są artefakty kultury łużyckiej, których analiza sugeruje kilkukrotne powroty ludności na ten obszar w stosunkowo krótkim czasie (homogeniczna ceramika). Działalność ludności tej kultury (związana raczej nie z uprawą, lecz wypasem) doprowadziła na początku subatlantyku do erozji na stoku i fosylizacji gleby w bezodpływowej depresji.
EN
The results of geoarchaeological and archaeological research at the Rychnowo V site are presented. The archaeological site is located on the moraine plateau between two subglacial tunnel valleys currently drained by the upper Drwęca and Grabiczek Rivers. Relief of the moraine plateau is varied by hollows on post-glacial depressions of varying size and degree of filling. These lakes were formed in the Late Glacial and were filled in the Holocene by organic and clastic deposits. At the archaeological site, several settlement phases have been identified related to the Lusatian (main phase) and Wielbark cultures, Early and Late Medieval and Modern periods. Not found in the site permanent or long-term settlement. The site should be considered as group of rather short-lived camps. The most numerous traces of Lusatian culture are not a single phase, but rather multiple returns to the same area at short intervals (the homogeneous ceramics). The activity of the people of Lusatian culture (connected not with cultivation but grazing) at the beginning of the Subatlantic led to slope erosion and soil fossilization in endorheic depression.
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