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Życie i śmierć Żydów z Zachodniego Wołynia (1921–1945)

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Snyder T.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

2015

issue 1(25)

243-275

The Life and Death of Western Volhynian Jewry, 1921–1945 This article presents the characteristics of the Jewish population living in Western Volhynia in the times of the Second Republic of Poland and during the Second World War. Polish interwar authorities enabled the Jewish communities to follow their traditional pattern of life. With time, however, Zionism and especially communism were becoming increasingly popular among the Volhynian Jews. In 1937, the Jewish community accounted for about 10 percent of the region’ s inhabitants and was outnumbered by the Ukrainian minority. Jews dominated in trade and skilled crafts and constituted half of the urban population. After 17 September 1939, Volhynia found itself under Soviet occupation. Initially, the Red Army was welcome, as the Soviet terror was mostly directed against the Polish population. Due to aggressive sovietisation, however, the Jews of Volhynia lost any illusions as to the possibility of achieving autonomy, realizing that they had simply become citizens of a totalitarian state. Their situation deteriorated dramatically in June 1941 following the German invasion of Russia. In accordance with Nazi ideology, the local Jews were to be exterminated in the Holocaust. In June and July 1941 alone, approximately 12 000 Jews were murdered by the Germans on the front lines of the war, in the autumn – 20 000 more. The collaborating Ukrainian police forces helped the German occupiers in inflicting terror. The Germans began to set up ghettos at the end of 1941, only to start their liquidation several months later. Jews were murdered on a massive scale in the so-called death pits near their homes. Most of the Volhynian Jews lost their lives during the war. Only a few managed to escape or found shelter among Poles or Ukrainians. Some decided to join partisan groups (mostly communist), who conducted their operations in the extremely difficult conditions of German occupation, Soviet counter-offensive and ethnic civil war in Volhynia.

Lwowski lekarz, który ratował życie „Lwa z Westerplatte” – 130. rocznica urodzin pułkownika Józefa Szarage (1897-1967)

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Kopociński K., Kopociński Z., Jeśman C.

Acta Medicorum Polonorum

2017

vol. 7

issue 1

59-65

Artykuł przedstawia sylwetkę lwowskiego lekarza wojskowego pułkownika Józefa Szarage (1897-1967). Urodził się 12 grudnia 1897 r. w Winnikach pod Lwowem, w średniozamożnej żydowskiej rodzinie Bernarda Scharage i Debory Szrencel vel Birbach. W czasie I wojny światowej ukończył szkołę oficerską i w stopniu podporucznika służył w 24. Pułku Piechoty armii austriackiej. Studia medyczne odbywał w Uniwersytecie Karola w Pradze i Uniwersytecie Jana Kazimierza we Lwowie. W 1927 r. ukończył Wydział Lekarski lwowskiej uczelni. W czasie II wojny światowej początkowo przebywał w lwowskim gettcie, od 1942 r. ukrywał się w miejscowości Zimna Woda w pobliżu Lwowa. W 1944 r. jako oficer-lekarz służył w 8. Polowym Ruchomym Szpitalu Chirurgicznym II Armii Wojska Polskiego. Po zakończeniu wojny pełnił funkcję ordynatora oddziału chirurgicznego Szpitala Okręgowego nr 5 w Krakowie. W marcu 1948 r. bezskutecznie starał się uratować życie byłego lekarza załogi Westerplatte mjr. Mieczysława Słabego (1905-1948). Płk Józef Szarage zmarł 1 marca 1967 r. w Warszawie w wieku 70 lat.

This article presents a Lviv military physician colonel Jozef Szarage (1897-1967). He was born in Winniki near Lviv, on December 12, 1897, in the middle-class Jewish family of Bernard Scharage and Debora nee Szrencel vel Birbach. During the Great War he graduated from an officers’ school and served as 2nd lieutenant in the 24th Infantry Regiment of the Austrian Army. He studied medicine at Charles University in Prague and Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv. In 1927, Scharage graduated from the Faculty of Medicine in Lviv. During the World War Second he stayed in the Lviv ghetto, however, since 1942 he lived in hiding in the village Zimna Woda near Lviv. In 1944, he served as officer-physician in the 8th Field Movable Surgeon’s Hospital of the 2nd Polish Army. After the war, he served as the head of the surgical ward of the Regional Hospital No. 5 in Cracow. In March 1948, he tried unsuccessfully to save life of Major Mieczyslaw Slaby (1905-1948), known as a doctor of the defenders Westerplatte in 1939. Colonel Jozef Szarage died in Warsaw on March 1st 1967, at the age 70

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1 Acta Medicorum Polonorum

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1 Snyder T.

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1 2015

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Życie i śmierć Żydów z Zachodniego Wołynia (1921–1945)

Lwowski lekarz, który ratował życie „Lwa z Westerplatte” – 130. rocznica urodzin pułkownika Józefa Szarage (1897-1967)