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The term global company is commonly used in journalistic writings and in economic literature. There are a number of difficulties in understanding what actually stands behind the term global company and what actually distinguishes global companies from other, non-global, companies operating in the international environment. Bearing in mind these difficulties the authors of this article intend to define the term global company. The main task set in this article is to try and answer the question: what traits a company should have to define it as global. In reply the concept of globality is presented which is the basis for defining the global nature of a company. The criteria determining the globality of a company are then defined. To measure the level of company globality a quantitative method based on fuzzy logic was introduced. Depending on the number of globality criteria implemented in the company itself, the membership function determines the level of company globality and thus determines whether a company belongs to a global company fuzzy set or not. The result of the membership function equation also answers the question whether a company is global or not. The proposed definition of aglobal company, and globality understood as its attribute, creates the next step in a better understanding and organization of the present knowledge set about the globalization processes at the microeconomic level.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy kształtowania polityki cenowej przez przedsiębiorstwa globalne i ma stanowić przyczynek do badań stopnia ujednolicania bądź różnicowania cen w marketingu międzynarodowym. Celem artykułu jest określenie stopnia standaryzacji lub adaptacji cen wybranych przedsiębiorstw globalnych. Przedmiotem badań empirycznych były ceny produktów wybranych koncernów notowanych na liście największych, globalnych przedsiębiorstw czasopisma „Forbes”. Przeprowadzone badania miały charakter pilotażowy, gdyż wykorzystano własną metodykę badań. Badania zdają się sprzyjać tezie, że cena jest w znacznej mierze standaryzowanym narzędziem marketingu. Artykuł ma charakter koncepcyjno-badawczy.
EN
The article deals with shaping the pricing policy by global companies. The article is intended as a contribution to study a degree of unification or differentiation of prices in international marketing. The goal of the article is to determine the degree of price standardisation or price adaptation of the selected global companies. The subject of empirical research was prices of products of the selected multinationals from Forbes magazine ranking - The World’s Biggest Public Companies. The conducted research was a pilot study as the authors used their own research methodology. The research seems to favour the thesis that price is usually a standardised marketing tool. The article is of the conceptual and research nature.
RU
Статья касается формирования ценовой политики глобальными предпри- ятиями и призвана представлять собой вклад в изучение степени унификации или дифференциации цен в международном маркетинге. Цель статьи – определить степень стандартизации или адаптации цен избранных глобальных предприятий. Предметом эмпирических исследований были цены продуктов избранных концернов из списка крупнейших глобальных предприятий журнала «Forbes». Проведенные исследования имели пилотажный характер, ибо использовали в них собственную методику изучения. Представляется, что исследования подтверждают тезис, что цена – в значительной степени стандар- тизированный инструмент маркетинга. Статья имеет концептуально-исследо- вательский характер.
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